Christian and Pagan Influence in Paradise Lost and...

Christian and Pagan Influence in Paradise Lost and Beowulf In Paradise Lost, Milton is adept at drawing from both Christian and pagan sources and integrating them in such a way that they reinforce one another (Abrams 1075). Of course it is a commonplace for critics to believe that Milton valued his Christian sources more highly than the pagan ones (Martindale 20); this is most likely due to the fact that he regarded the Christian sources as vessels of the truth. His classical allusions, on the other hand, served as references for things fallen or damned. Thus, as seen in the invocation to Book 7 (Descend from heav’n Urania, by that name / If rightly thou art called [7.1-2]) wherein Milton places his muse Urania, the Greek†¦show more content†¦Thus, I agree with John D. Niles that if this poem can be attributed to a Christian author composing not earlier than the first half of the tenth century†¦then there is little reason to read it as a survival from the heathen age that came to be marred by monkish interpolations (137) . Just as the Beowulf poet’s contemporary audience was thrown into a schizophrenic state by the pull of a pagan past against the new teachings of Christianity, the poet himself was put to task to successfully blend these religious ideologies in a complex yet effective plot that appealed to his audience precisely because they were attempting to reconcile their own beliefs. Although Beowulf most likely began as such a pagan epic, it eventually was expanded to include Christian elements, whereas Paradise Lost is definitely a Christian tale that uses classical allusions to remain connected to the epic tradition. In both tales, pagan or classical allusions, in contrast to Christian allusions, are used in reference to that which is fallen or damned. Yet I must be careful not to imply that Milton was using the Beowulf manuscript as a source because the manuscript was not available in England until 1815; therefore, Milton could not have been aware of it during theShow MoreRelatedReligion Throughout British Literature2205 Words   |  9 PagesWith all the books read in class this year, there has been some type of influence on the way each story was written. From Beowulf to Paradise Lost, there have been many, mostly religious, persuasions in the style and approach to writing of the novel. These influences, whether theyre religious or cultural or psychological , have a deep impact on the story and are reflective of a literary time period. The differences in each story show the changes in the culture, religion, or the way people thoughtRead MoreQualities of a Leader in Beowulf and Sir Gawain the Green Knight1074 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent character and upon completion of his journey the main character usually becomes the leader or a figure who has the potential to lead others, the leader is usually a well-known, revered, however they are alone, both figuratively and physically. Beowulf written by an unnamed poet has multiple characters that the reader can identify as leaders, one whom is within the first five lines of the text. Shielf Sheafson, is described as the scourge of many tribes becomes the first Cyng of the Danes. In SirRead MoreAnglo-Saxon Heroic Poetry5673 Words   |  23 PagesOld English poetry is divided into two types: the Heroic, the sources of which are pre-Christian Germanic myth, history and custom; and the Christ ian. Heroic, or Epic Poetry belongs to one of these two types and refers to long narrative poems celebrating the great deeds of one or more legendary heroes, in a grand, ceremonious style. In its strict use by literary critics, the terms Heroic Poetry or Epic are applied to a work that meets the following criteria: such a poem must be related in an

The Accounts Of Eros In The symposium Essay - 1797 Words

The Accounts of Eros in the quot;Symposiumquot; The word love carries with it many, many different interpretations. In modern day, our views on what is appropriate love is much different from the views from the time of Socrates and Plato. To them love was eros, a direct translation of the word love. However, the word itself wasnt the only thing that was different about love. In Platos quot;Symposiumquot;, there is a celebration for Agathon. He had just won a dramatic contest in Athens, Greece two nights ago. It is customary to drink much wine at these gatherings, however, every one present is too weak from the night before. (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg. xiii) So a proposition is made, by Phaedrus, to properly give praise to the†¦show more content†¦She speaks of the way Love was conceived, a clever scheme by a god to escape her misfortunes. It seems the goddess of poverty, Penia laid down beside Poros and became pregnant with Love (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg.48) This makes Love unique. Love is good, though, because he is a lover of wisdom, that is, he pursues the notion of philosophy. But, he is in between wisdom and ignorance (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg. 49), according to Diotima, which is much different an account from the other speakers. Phaedrus had placed Love at the top of all gods, describing ways in which Love quot;breathes might into some of the heroes,quot; (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg. 10). This is untrue. However, Diotima speaks of ways in which love helps human beings. This happens when the love for things like sports or poetry helps a person create something from nothing. Love is a word used to describe the whole, where there are special parts of love used to describe specific passions and possessions. (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg. 51). And love is wanting to posses the good forever (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg. 52) Finally we see the main points in Diotimas argument when she accurately describes the real purpose of love. It is almost like a natural instinct. All animals, including humans, have a need to reproduce. The real purpose in love is giving birth in beauty, whether in body or soul (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg.53). This means that the pregnant person causes the baby, or new born idea if theShow MoreRelatedWilliam Miller s The Of The Soul 940 Words   |  4 Pagespresented in a speech in the Symposium, and it is of intrigue as to why it never became a part of the soul Plato set out to define. Perhaps it was too much for him to interfere with the parallel between the city and the soul that he describes earlier in this work and their reliance on three parts. Or, as Cooper asks, was Plato meaning to leave a discussion on the eros under the surface of his work in the Republic? (pgs. 350-61). Regardless, discourse concerning eros in the Republic has taken placeRead MoreHomosexual Relationships Involving The Great Deities And Heroes1362 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat deities and brave heroes. In facts, those pieces of information were considered by our moral standards unappropriated and negligible, such that they had to be distorted in some way before the stories reach the public. The Greeks in Plato’s Symposium, however, are loud and proud of their homosexuality. Some argue that same-sex romance is the ideal and most honorable example of love since it guides the lover and the beloved to achieve the highest goods of life – wisdom and virtue. Ancient GreekRead MoreLove Is Passion, Bravery, And Bliss1115 Words   |  5 Pagesof love is, conceptually love is a confusing concept that proves to be challenging for even Socrates to understand. In Plato’s Symposium, Socrates attends a banquet at the house of Agathon, a young Athenian poet who had just won his first award for a drama. Soon after his arrival, the idea of eros - erotic love - is brought up, and after a few speeches praising eros, Socrates finally is granted his turn. In his discussion of love, Socrates remembers the wisdom of Diotima, who describes fallingRead MorePlato s Theory Of Love1789 Words   |  8 Pagesearliest existing analysis of political questions from a philosophical perspective. Among some of Plato s most prevalent works is his dialogue the Symposium, which records the conversation of a dinner party at which Socrates (amongst others) is a guest. Those who talk before Socrates share a tendency to celebrate the instinct of sex and regard love (eros) as a god whose goodness and beauty they compete. However, Socrates sets himself apart from this belief in the fundamental value of sexual love andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Speech Praise Of Er os On Plato Symposium1785 Words   |  8 Pages Jose A. Nunez Introduction to Philosophy 1113 Professor Dr. Sarah Woolvine March 23rd, 2015. Tittle: Analysis of Speeches Given in Praise of Eros on Plato’ Symposium Among the ancient Greek philosophers, Plato was one of the greatest. Known for his remarkable philosophical works, Plato was born into a very prominent Athenian family, and he was expected to have a proliferous political career, but the political scene at that time made Plato devote himself instead to his philosophicalRead MoreSocratess Theory Of Love1818 Words   |  8 Pagesearliest existing analysis of political questions from a philosophical perspective. Among some of Plato s most prevalent works is his dialogue the Symposium, which records the conversation of a dinner party at which Socrates (amongst others) is a guest. Those who talk before Socrates share a tendency to celebrate the instinct of sex and regard love (eros) as a god whose goodness and beauty they compete (Naugle, 2016). However, Socrates sets himself apart from this belief in the fundamental value ofRead MoreThe Speech By Men Attending A Symposium Or A Drinking Party1458 Words   |  6 PagesAllyson Boubert Prof. Robert Grimwade November 12, 2016 Through the speeches by men, love is examined by men attending a symposium or a drinking party. The symposium has its main concerns with the beginning, the purpose and nature of affection and care. Therefore, love is the central theme in Plato’s dialogues in Symposium. The Symposium is a philosophical text written by Plato in approximately 386-370BC. It is a lively and entertaining book characterized by witty characterization which notRead MorePlato s Symposium : The Nature Of Love1320 Words   |  6 PagesPlato’s Symposium explores the nature of love through several different telling’s of what love is by philosophers of the time. The speeches of Socrates, Alcibiades, and Aristophanes are of main focus, as their similarities and differences help the reader to decide the truth of the nature of love. Throughout the Symposium, the accounts of love vary from speaker to speaker. The speech given by Socrates differentiates from the viewpoints of Alcibiades and Aristophanes, as well as all of the other speechesRead More Significance of Feet in Plato’s Symposium Essay examples1926 Words   |  8 PagesThe Significance of Feet in Plato’s Symposium Plato’s Symposium presents an account of the party given at the house of Agathon, where Socrates and Alcibiades are in attendance. The men at the party take turns eulogizing the god Eros. In Agathon’s eulogy, he describes Eros as a soft and tender being. When Socrates speaks, however, he makes a correction of his host’s account, by saying the soft and tender thing is the beloved, and not the lover, as Agathon would have it. When Alcibiades entersRead MoreEssay about A Modern Romantic’s View on Love1216 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscern the significance or concept of love for many centuries. Plato, for example, was one such philosopher who in his work the Symposium (which means â€Å"Drinking Party†) wrote about â€Å"Eros† – the term for sexual love in Greek. The Symposium was written approximately around 384 and 379 B.C.E., and follows five elite Athenian men as they pronounce their admiration of Eros while lounging on couches listeni ng to flute girls play in the distance. Each of the men has different backgrounds ranging from tragic

Financial Women Right in Islam

Question: Describe the financial women right in islam? Answer: In todays world, Muslim women are known to actively affirm their responsibilities and rights, nullifying any preconceived notions that portray Muslim women as being oppressed and repressed. The Holy Book, Quran, states that both men and women are obligated to practice same religious responsibilities and will be rewarded accordingly on their day of judgement. However, there is a notable difference in the circumstances for both men and women when discussing certain instances; these passages are being interpreted and studied by both men and women. For instance, as per the Islamic understanding of the Quran verses, Muslim men are considered responsible for financial supporting women. In other words, Islam provides women with a greater financial security when compared to men. For instance, married Muslim women are bound to be given marital gifts at the time of marriage along with keeping all the existing and future income properties for the purpose of their own security (Allen, 1999). Hence, she is not required to spend a single dime of her own income or property on the household i.e. she is entitled for complete financial support during her marriage Iddah i.e. the time period right after divorce, along with child support in case she has a child. It is important to note that, in reference to the Islamic Quran, since a family includes of genders, men and women, both the genders hold equal rights in the possession of the property. The following report sheds light on the financial rights of Muslim women as per the norms of the religion of Islam. The report compromises of a detailed account of the financial rights that Muslim women actively practice today, which they believe are offered to them by the Quran. The report below is subdivided into Muslim womens financial responsibility, financial rights of wives, provision of marital gifts and the Islamic law of inheritance. Right of Women in Inheritance During the ancient times, women of Islam were given no right to inherit any financial support from the generations above and even if they did, they were still treated as inferior to men. Women were not allowed to have their own legal independent personality and had no right to receive any form of financial support as inheritance (Ali, 1979). As per the ancient legal systems, even if the daughters, back then, received little inheritance, her child did not. Whereas, in the case of a son, the inheritance received was not only for the son himself but also for his children. Similarly, some other systems allowed women to inherit however not in the expected form of an appointed share; if the progenitor desired, he was allowed make a bequest, favouring the wife or daughter. Well, time has changed and the Islamic laws of inheritance have become free of all the defects and short-comings of the past. The Quran specifically mentions that the women of Islam are equally obligated to receive inheritance, irrespective of their status i.e. whether she is a mother, daughter, sister or wife (Ali, 1979).. As previously mentioned, a Muslim woman is guaranteed to have financial support at every stage of her life i.e. whether be it her role as a daughter, sister, wife or mother, until death. However, in order to balance out the additional advantages that are ensured for women by Islam, certain provisions were made that allow Muslim men to inherit twice as much as the Muslim women. In other words, women hold possessions over a share which is half of what men will receive from the progenitor. Islamic law of inheritance states that a husband is to receive twice of what the wife will, a brother will receive twice of what the sister will and a son will receive twice of what thedaughter will receive; there is an exception in the cases of fathers and mothers. The Islamic law states that if the parents of the deceased are alive, then they are obligated to receive one sixth of the property left behind (Allen, 1999).. In short, the males will inherit more than what the women will, however, considering the financial responsibilities of a Muslim man towards his family and household, this law can be said to be justified, especially when the Muslim women are under no obligation to spend a single penny of their inheritance for sustaining her family, household or even herself. Since the Muslim men are responsible for all females i.e. wife, mother, sisters, daughters etc. in his family, it is acceptable to allow them to inherit twice as much of what the Muslim women will inherit from th eir progenitors. Right of women to exercise financial behavior As mentioned earlier, a woman practicing Islam is not obligated to any financial responsibilities when it comes to maintaining and sustaining a family. In other words, no Muslim woman is required to financially support her household, even in case of possession of income property. Men practicing Islam i.e. the father or son or brother are required to provide their family with all the financial support necessary, thus, the responsibilities lies on their shoulders. This applies to both married and unmarried women; all the financial needs of a Muslim woman, before marriage, are to be fulfilled by her brother father. Once married, this becomes the duty or responsibility of her husband and her son (Ali, 1979). In addition to the above, it is important to note that a Muslim woman has the equal right on the sources of income and properties possessed by her husband. A working women in Islam, is by no means required to spend a single dime of her earnings; all the earnings she saves and makes, remain her property. It is her right to choose, whether if she wants to financially contribute for the well being of her household or not. It is important to note that, no matter how financially stable the women may be, it is her husbands duty or responsibility to provide his wife and family with basic boarding, lodging, clothing and fulfil other financial aspects. However, in cases where the husband is suffering from any disability or illness or unemployment, she may be required to use her earnings or savings so as to provide her family with all the necessities; note that women are not legally obligated to do this. Similarly, a woman is entitled for complete financial support during her marriage or in case of widowhood or divorce, during the waiting period (Abd Al-Ati, 1977). In context of divorce, women may require financial support of minimum of one year or until or unless they remarry within the year after divorce. Moreover, it would be true to say that a Muslim woman is guaranteed to have financial support at every stage of her life i.e. her role as a daughter, sister, wife or mother, until death. Right of women to own Property From this historical perspective, acknowledgement in the Quran states that womens right of owning property should be an important one because the position of women is strong according to the Holy text. During the Prophets period, women had all the right over their property. On general perspective, the law of Islam lets women to have, use and dispose their property but the detailing into the matter clearly states that on marriage, the women lose their right on property and it gets transferred to her husband. Women in Islam are reserved in nature and property ownership in limited space is not possible and so there are restrictions. Right of Women to own Dowry As previously mentioned, at the time of marriage, the bride is on the receiving end i.e. she is presented with marital gifts from the groom that no one but the bride has a control over. The proposal from the groom comprises of a marital gift, often regarded as Mahr. In Islam, no marriage solemnizes until the bride is offered with Mahr, making Mahr a compulsion. Though, there is no limit to what can or cannot be offered as a Mahr; Islam encourages provision of lower Mahr because it is believed that an inflated Mahr is more likely to burden the newly married couple and may result in starting their news lines with a negative imbalance or financial exhaustion. The sole purpose of Mahr is to ensure the bride with financial security for her future; remember, this marital gift will solely remain the property of the woman and that no family members of hers or the groom himself will posses any share or control over it (Mace 2001). Unlike other cultures, where the bride and her family are dumped on the financial responsibilities, Islam prohibits any form of direct or indirect demands of dowry. It is seen in certain cultures that the bride and her family are expected to compromise and are demanded of marital gits, making all the financial responsibilities fall onto the girls and her familys shoulder. However, Islam strictly discourages any such demands until or unless the bride or her family willingly offer the groom or his family with something of such type; indirect or direct forcing or demanding is strictly prohibited (Abd Al-Ati, 1977). This is solely to ensure the brides financial security along with her integrity; it is believed that the married life of the newlyweds should not begin on a negative note, ensuring their happiness. Right to property after marriage As a wife, a Muslim woman is entitled for equal possession of the properties owned by her husband and is bound to receive marital gifts at the time of marriage along with keeping all existing and future income properties to ensure self financial security. Thus, it can be said that Islam grants Muslim married women with an independent personality. At the time of marriage, the bride and her family are by no means obligated to present the groom or his family with any sort of marital gift. In fact, it is the groom who is required to offer the bride with a marriage proposal that comprises of a marital gift. It is important to recognise that this marital gift will solely remain the property of the woman and that no family members of hers or the groom himself will posses any share or control over it (Mace 2001). At the time of divorce, the bride may retain all her marital gifts presented to her at the time of marriage along with all her possessions and earnings that she saved during her marriage period. The husband has no right to control or have a share in any of the womens financial properties until or unless she, herself presents him with the offer (Ali, 1979). Additionally, as previously stated, as a working wife, the woman is not expected to contribute to the financial well being of her family i.e. as a working wife, she is by no means obligated to financially contribute for the sustainment of her household and family. All her earnings and savings will remain her property, until or unless she willingly decides to contribute and allows her husband to posses his control over or share her property. Again, no married women, no matter how rich or financially stable, is under the obligation of providing her family with any support; it is solely the responsibility and duty of her husband to fu lfil basic needs of boarding, logding, clothing, consumables and other aspects of household. A married Muslim woman can be said to retain her own family name and independent legal personanility. However, in certain countries, due to absence of the financial security measures mentioned in Islam or other reasons of survival, Muslim women may be required or forced to financially support their family and seek employment, due to circumstances that cause them to recognize their role as mothers. Right of Women in the certificate on the economic and financial transactions Additionally, an important difference that differentiates the Quran from other systems or faiths is their attitude towards inheritance of property by Muslim women in case of a deceased relative. Islam truly believes in providing all females with the right to inherit their determinate share, further abolishing any unjust customs. Similarly, Islam also critically takes into consideration the importance of dower and maintenance; according to Islam, both dower and maintenance are effective and essential when consolidating a marriage since they ensure coherence and harmony within the domestic family (Abd Al-Ati, 1977). Any abolition of dower and maintenance is likely to result in disintegration within the family structure. Also, it is believed that there is a possibility that it may push women towards prostitution. Thus, it is important to understand that the compulsion of dower and the maintenance has consequently reduced the Muslim womens share of inheritance; since the Muslim men are b urdened with this responsibility and the womens financial commitments have been reduced, this Islamic law of inheritance operates as a reimbursement that compensates men for the extra burden they are fraught with. In other words, a rational justification for the above would be that since the financial obligations and duties of a Muslim man exceed that of a Muslim woman, it becomes necessary for men to inherit twice as much as the women. One needs to take into account all the advantages ensured for women by Islam which include of receiving marital gifts and not having to spend any of their own earnings or properties for sustenance, so as to understand that Muslim men are simply being compensated for the extra burden that they are fraught with by letting them have twice as much of the inheritance as the women (Allen, 1999). Moreover, one needs to realize that Islam fervently encourages family life and discourages divorce; single life is a rare exception within the Islamic society and if one was to notice, most Muslim marriage-aged men and women are married. In light of the above, if would be highly appreciated that one recognizes the importance of the inheritance rules and realizes that these ar e simply meant to counteract the imbalance within the society so as to let a society sustain or survive time devoid of any class or gender wars. Conclusion Islam provides women with a greater financial security when compared to men. The Holy Book, Quran, states that both men and women are obligated to practice same religious responsibilities and will be rewarded accordingly on their day of judgement. However, as per the Islamic understanding of the Quran verses, Muslim men are considered responsible for financial supporting women. A woman practicing Islam is not obligated to any financial responsibilities when it comes to maintaining and sustaining a family; she can be said to retain her own family name and independent legal personanility (Ali, 1979).. Though, in certain countries, due to absence of the financial security measures mentioned in Islam or other reasons of survival, Muslim women may be required or forced to financially support their family and seek employment, due to circumstances that cause them to recognize their role as mothers. The Islamic law of Inheritance is of utmost importance when discussing the financial rights of a Muslim woman. Islamic laws of inheritance have become free of all the defects and short-comings of the past; the Quran specifically mentions that the women of Islam are equally obligated to receive inheritance, irrespective of their status i.e. whether she is a mother, daughter, sister or wife. Though, in order to balance out the additional advantages that are ensured for women by Islam, certain provisions were made that allow Muslim men to inherit twice as much as the Muslim women (Allen, 1999). In other words, women hold possessions over a share which is half of what men will receive from the progenitor. One should realize that Islam fervently encourages family life and discourages divorce; single life is a rare exception within the Islamic society. For this reason, inheritance rules are simply meant to counteract the imbalance within the society for reassuring sustenance of life. References Ali, Y.A., 1979. The Holy, Qur'an: Translation of verses is heavily based on A. Yusuf Ali's translation The Glorious Qur'an text translation, and Commentary, The American Trust Publication Abd Al-Ati., Hammudah., 1977. Islam in Focus, The American Trust Publications Allen, E. A., 1999. History of Civilization, General Publishing House, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mace., David., Vera., 2001. Marriage: East and West, Dolphin Books, Doubleday

Should The Supreme Court free essay sample

The Supreme Court’s power of judicial review should not be strictly limited by a constitutional amendment because the simple fact what if you do a judgment that they are not in the right of? If the judge is proved wrong then it will be appealed. For an example we the people shouldn’t be judged because what if one commits the same crime and does it intentionally such as killing someone and then someone does it to protect them and their family from harm if someone broke into their home and was coming at them and the only thing was to kill them to keep from getting their children or self harmed. The cons of this is that what if we are wanting a law passed and it gets rejected and we the voters can’t have any say of it. For example switching books in the schools for more modern technology like Ipads what if the children don’t understand the work very well and needs more studying time, they won’t be allowed to take them home. We will write a custom essay sample on Should The Supreme Court or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They should make the law of going back to older days when all the technology wasn’t out just books, pencils, and paper! The pros is that the Judicial branch can have the power to view the laws of the other two branches and has an important role playing of the check and balancing system. So when you sit down and think about it its like they are too many chiefs and not enough Indians. They are sometimes to many decisions and too many judges at one time.

Locate and Identify Black Locust in North America

Locate and Identify Black Locust in North America Robinia pseudoacacia, commonly known as the black locust, is a prickly tree within the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family called  Fabaceae and is considered to be a legume with flattened pea pods several inches long. Black locust is native to the southeastern United States, but has been widely planted and naturalized elsewhere in temperate North America, Europe and Asia. The original range of the locust is in the Appalachian, Ozark and Ouachita range  located in the middle mountains of Eastern North America.  They are now considered an invasive species in some areas even within the natural range. Black locust was introduced into Britain in 1636 where it has slowly garnered a universal appeal to tree lovers. Black Locust Identification One major identifier is the long compound leaves with up to 19 leaflets which present  the typical and unique locust leaf profile (not to be confused with the twice compound leaves of honey locust). The other ID marker is a small stout briar spine  on branches, often curved and in pairs at each leaf node. Late spring to early summer flowers can be showy, white and drooping  with 5-inch flower clusters. These flowers are fragrant with a vanilla and honey scent. The leguminous fruit developing from the flower has 4-inch papery thin pods with small, dark-brown, kidney-shaped seeds. These autumn seeds will persist until the next spring. You will find this tree primarily  in areas where it colonizes open fields and roadsides. Its ability to grow in poor soils, fast growth, ornamental foliage and fragrant flowers make for a favorite tree to plant. More on Black Locust Black locust is sometimes called yellow locust and grows naturally on a wide range of sites but does best on rich moist limestone soils.  Black locust is not a commercial timber species but is useful for many other purposes. Because it is a nitrogen fixer and has rapid juvenile growth, it is widely planted as an ornamental, for shelterbelts, and for land reclamation. It is suitable for fuelwood and pulp and provides cover for wildlife, browse for deer, and cavities for birds. We must recognize that black locust is not an important tree for logging purposes as there is very little timber value and it has little lumber or paper pulp potential. We still need to remember that the tree has and is used  in the United States to be manufactured into a wide variety of products. Robinia pseudoacacia is planted for many specialized purposes. Black locust is used for fence posts, mine timbers, poles, railroad ties, insulator pins, ship timber, tree nails for wooden ship construction, boxes, crates, pegs, stakes, and novelties. Pulp with satisfactory mechanical properties can be made from the tree, particularly by the sulfate process but commercial value awaits  further investigation.

How to Tell if You Are in a Toxic Relationship

How to Tell if You Are in a Toxic Relationship â€Å"Toxic† is not just the name of a famous song by Britney Spears. It’s also a definition of a relationship that brings destruction and sadness. A toxic relationship is something that people often fall into without realizing how bad the situation is. They usually dont even try to escape this cage. Why? Because of love, affection, or fear. But if you feel unhappy with your relationship, its time to change something, and this article will help you understand if you are in a toxic relationship. Why Is It Important to Exit a Toxic Relationship? We all love love, and we all love being loved back. Thats why sometimes people prefer not to pay attention to little details that might ruin the magic of the world that this person has made up. He or she might not see the influence of the partner and their bad attitude because of a subconscious (or conscious) fear of loneliness. This is what makes a toxic relationship even worse – not all people are ready to end this nightmare. A toxic relationship often causes various mental problems – depression, neurosis, and anxiety alongside with low self-esteem or even suicidal thoughts. A relationship should bring joy, a sense of protection, care, and stability. A toxic partner takes all this away, creating an unhealthy atmosphere. The following are the most common signs that your relationship is slowly destroying you. 1. You Always Feel Guilty Guilt, in general, is a healthy emotion that we face throughout our lives. It helps us understand whats right and whats wrong or how to avoid making mistakes in the future. However, a constant sense of guilt is unnatural and unhealthy as it has a bad influence on your self-esteem and your psychological balance. Does your partner always comment on your actions or the way you look, making you feel like you do everything wrong? Then you should make it stop. 2. You Feel Lonely Even When You Are Together A great relationship means that your partner is also your best friend, someone whom you can talk to about anything in the world, who supports you and cares about you. However, if you feel like you are lonely and not understood even after trying to communicate with your partner, you may be involved in a relationship with the wrong person. If being together with your partner doesnt bring you any joy (and especially if it makes you feel worse than being alone), consider ending this relationship. 3. You Dont Share Much with Your Friends and Family Some partners are just too jealous. It can get so extra that it makes you talk less to the people closest to you. Toxic relationships make people distance themselves from their families and friends, which results in losing the chance to get help from people who know you the best. If your partner presses you to give up contacts with your friends and family, it is truly a bad sign. Ask yourself, why does your partner do that to you? Maybe he or she understands that this way you will become more dependent on your relationship. This is a manipulative move that ties you down and limits your freedom. 4. You Feel Emotionally Drained Not all vampires look like Edward from Twilight. Some of them look just like regular people. Of course, we are not talking about the ones who crave blood but about the ones who actually take your energy and will away. Emotional vampires might seem like a myth, but they do exist. They dont have fangs and dont make you fall into some hypnotic sleep. They just exhaust people around them and make people emotionally weak, suppressed, and dependent. By taking your inner calmness away with scandals, blaming, suspicions, and insults, they make you do what they want. Energy vampires might not look as scary as Dracula, but their toxic influence is as dangerous as sharp teeth of any bloodsucking immortal. 5. You Are Careful with What You Say and Do Are you always afraid of making your partner angry with what you say or do? Do your conversations feel more like tipping on your toes? If instead of expressing your thoughts and feelings genuinely, you have to be very careful with your words, that means that you dont have the kind of emotional bond that has to exist in a really deep relationship. Being with someone means understanding the needs of your partner and their experience. If you cant share what bothers you with your significant other, ask yourself if they are really the one who you should be with. 6. You Give up Things that You Like for Your Partner It doesnt matter what it is that your partner makes you give up (a hobby, a friend, a job), its not a good sign. If you like to dance, sing, meet with your friends, visit galleries, or if you have some other hobbies etc., but have to avoid doing it in order not to annoy your partner, this is one of the surefire signs of being in a toxic relationship. 7. You Dont Have Privacy Does your partner check your phone and emails? Does he or she want to spend all your time together? Is he or she against you spending quality time with your friends? If you can recognize your partners behavior in these questions – consider ending this relationship. If there is no trust in a relationship, there is no future for the couple at all. Think about the joy that you are forced to give up when you are not allowed to do what you want. You are in a relationship where you both are equal in rights, so there can be no â€Å"I dont allow you to do that.† Come on! 8. You Are Forced to Do What You Dont Want To A lot of toxic partners are really demanding, especially when it comes to plans, activities, etc. They usually consider your opinion irrelevant and decide everything for you. For example, if you are going to see a movie together, you might suggest some particular film, but in the end you always go see what you partner wanted. It also might be applied to other spheres of life. For example, sexual, social, professional, etc. If you feel like you have no voice in this relationship, its the time for changes. What to Do if You Are Trapped in a Toxic Relationship? Toxic relationships can rarely be fixed, as there is little to no understanding and willingness to change something. If you feel unhappy with your relationship, try to talk to your partner about your feelings. Comminucation is the key! However, if all of your efforts end up a disaster and your partner stays indifferent, dont blame yourself. Basically, what you have to do in this case is end the relationship with the least amount of damage as possible. Its not always easy, as toxic partners usually are afraid of losing the power they have over another person. Sometimes this might lead to aggressive behavior. So, be careful and try to distance yourself as much as possible. Dont fall for provocations and be strong – they might tell you that you wont find anybody else, that they love you like nobody ever will, or that they cant live without you. Your happiness should be the priority #1, and you can be happy, just believe it.

Exotic and unique Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exotic and unique Australia - Essay Example Kangaroo island’s economy mainly comprised of agriculture with lobster fishing and while service sector grew with prominence. Kingscote is the administrative center, and it is the largest town. The island has numerous nature sanctuaries to guard the fragments of its native animals and natural vegetation, with the Flinders Chase National Park being the biggest and the best-acknowledged park (Smith 9). Mathew Flinders, a British explorer, alit near Kangaroo Head on Dudley Peninsula in 1802. Nicolas Baudin, a French explorer, followed later on and mapped most of the Island. Kangaroo Island became the first free settlement in Australia with runaway sailors, escaped convicts and sealers calling it home. Kangaroo Island is bestowed with inborn animals in primeval settings. They include the sea lions in their habitation at Seal Bay and petite penguins swaying to shore in Penneshaw (Wakefield 12). The island has jagged adventurous landscapes and pleasurable beaches. The island also has a Hike Hanson Bay for hiking and Kelly Hill Conservation Park for caving. One of the unique elements of the Kangaroo Island is the remarkable ancient rocks. The island coast, on the other hand, has dolphins that people swim with, snorkel vivid reefs and dive shipwrecks. The wildlife in Kangaroo Island is comprised of birds like pelicans, ducks, swans, wader and little penguins. The Island is a home to two hundred sixty seven bird species and hundreds of peaceful kangaroos. Other animals include wallabies, possums and kangaroos that are most active on their nocturnal tour from American River (Wakefield 12). Flinders Chase National Park has awe-inspiring rock formations and Admirals Arch. Still the island is bequeathed with historic lighthouse surroundings where people learn about the introverted existences of light custodians and their families. The infinite coastal escapades dive with sporadic leafy sea

Information system Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Information system Master - Essay Example We will focus on how information system works in a dynamic and turbulent environment and how it helps in the development of strategic, tactical and operation system of organizations. Moreover, we will give a glimpse of different information systems that are used like executive information systems, management information systems, risk management systems etc. In modern organizations it is very important that technology works according to the needs of the people and it works on continuous basis ensuring reliability and effectiveness. Information systems collaborate with the managers and play an important role in implementing proper technology in the organizations (Ralf, 2009). Information systems help in every aspect like creating a business plan, generation of formal reports, maintaining databases, preparing accounts etc. Decision making is the utmost task of every manager and the information system helps a lot in developing a proper and a formal decision making process (Alter, 2002). Usually the information flow from top to bottom or from bottom to top and in most of the organizations the information is managed by information management systems. Since, the decision making process is an important practice in every organization and information system provides with the decision makers with information in the form of reports, researches and huge amounts of data is compressed into shorter forms and this helps the mangers to take decisions. System generated reports are widely used by all departments and it makes the work easier for managers. The flow of information is used by managers for the decision making process and the information systems mentors the information and make sure that it will flow smoothly and will not affect the decision making process. Managers on the other hand higher professionals that can manage the flow of information and they must know that how the information in flowing in the organization. Usually the information flows from the top management to the down line workers, but in certain organization the flow of information is from down line workers to the top management and actually the flow of information varies from organization to organization. Managers of information system and the computers plan research and coordinate the computer related activities of the organization. They coordinate with each other and determine technical and organizational goals. Although this requires a proper and strong understanding of the computer systems and the technology but formal reports and detailed information can be stored and developed and can easily be presented to the top management for the purpose of decision making. Information systems are also related to the hardware and the networking side but the core purpose is related to the management side only. The needs of the organization are identified at all levels and utmost importance is given to operational and strategic perspective. Competition is also kept in mind and that's why information systems are equipped with the state of the art technology to ensure that the organization won't lag behind its competitors. An information system

Relation between jew of malta and merchant of venice Essay Example for Free

Relation between jew of malta and merchant of venice Essay The two novels, Christopher Marlowe’s ‘The Jew of Malta’ and William Shakespeare’s ‘The Merchant of Venice’, the main characters are Jews, a characteristic that makes the comparison of the books easier. However, the way the characters are presented has made the two stories have deep and active anti-Semitic notions and messages. Right from the beginning of the play, we can see some clear negative stereotypes towards Jews. Barabbas is undoubtedly portrayed as a man who loves money to an extent that he seems addicted to them. In the opening, we see a merchant, counting his money with passion, and later on complaining about not having made enough by his recent business activities. Marlowe straightly defines his whole character and attitude by this portrayal, showing us that Barabbas is nothing more than a greedy Jew. As the story progresses and the plot unfolds, the character of Barabbas also unfolds, showing us how he doesn’t even hesitate doing unethical and heartless things just so that he can protect himself from losing money. When his wealth is taken away, after he refuses to give half of it like the other Jews did, he unleashes his ruthless effort to regain his wealth. He doesn’t hesitate using his daughter to retrieve the gold and jewels he has hidden in his house, and it is meaningful to see how he reacts after Abigail throws him the bags of gold out of the window and he embraces them while ignoring his own daughter. Although this is not the only example of how he puts money over more important things, the fact that he seems to place money above Abigail, his own daughter, shows his general attitude. But of course it doesn’t stop there, as apart from his avaricious self, he has to quench his thirst for revenge and execute his plan for retaliation. His plan consists mainly of taking revenge from the man who took away the most precious thing he has, his wealth. That man of course is Ferneze, the governor of Malta. So, Barabbas decides to kill Ferneze’s son, Lodowick, that way taking the revenge he so passionately seeks. Once again he uses his own daughter as decoy, to execute his plan, showing that she has mainly a functional purpose for him. After he completes his plan and kills not only Lodowick but also Mathias, the man that his daughter loves, he feels betrayed by his daughter, as she converts to Christianity. I believe that this is where the insanity and sickness of Barabbas reaches a peak. He is determined to kill his own daughter, because he feels that she disrespects her family’s name. The epilogue to this madness comes when finally Barabbas gets killed by his own evil plots. In the end of the story we can easily identify the negative characteristics that Barabbas has, which are also strongly connected to the fact that he is Jewish. His elitist nature, his illogical actions that are all driven by his avarice, and his lack of sentiments towards other people, make him fit ideally the stereotypes of Jews that existed at the time. So, every single part of his hateful and insane being, is justified by the fact that he is Jewish, and thus it is natural that he is unstable and inferior to Christians. The next example of anti-Semitic portrayals comes from ‘The Merchant of Venice’. The main character, Shylock is portrayed as a greedy Jewish moneylender that is just like Barabbas, when it comes to hate towards Christians and other people in general. He is also a heartless man, not feeling pity for anyone, showing a rather sadistic nature. The hate he feels for Antonio is so immense that makes us question to what extent he is actually rational at all. Throughout the development of the plot he seems to hold so many negative values that it is impossible not to make a connection between his character and the fact that he is a Jew. Just like Marlowe, Shakespeare makes the fact that he is Jewish the root of all evil, as from that very fact all the other negative traits arise. As Bloom mentions in his essay, Shylock is a walking nightmare, and that should be the only way that anyone portrays him. As we can see from his speeches, he clearly has a great love for his wealth and he is not jeopardizing his financial position for any reason. It is not a coincidence that when Jessica runs away with his money, he mostly worries about his wealth and not so much about his daughter. Also, the fact that Jessica had to run away shows that Shylock is far from an ideal father. His speeches also show that he has an extremely negative attitude towards Christians that he justifies as the retaliation for all the anti-Semitism he has faced. He seems very resentful towards the people that have acted in a bad way towards him and as I mentioned earlier, especially Antonio. So, his actions are mainly driven by his rage and what he thinks as retribution. By the portrayal of Barabbas and Shylock, a logical question approaches. Are the two writers inspired and influenced by racism and the anti-Semitic ideas of their time? In ‘The Jew of Malta’ it is hard not to recognize all the negative Jewish stereotypes presented in the form of a very unappealing character, Barabbas. Barabbas is not just an unethical and evil man, he is the typical money-loving Jew, with all the disgusting characteristics that the racist society of the two writers has attributed to Jews. Such a racist society had created all these negative stereotyping for Jews, making them seem like greedy monsters. So I find it impossible that Marlowe as an author hasn’t been affected and influenced by the stereotypes of his time. That is mainly because in societies that racism towards a specific religion is so acceptable, there is very high tolerance for reproduction of such ideas and thus such a portrayal would not arise any questions or hate. Such situation reminds me of what happens with many fictional evil characters like the devil. I doubt that even a single reader would object if a writer attributed evil characteristics to the devil! Although it may seem like an oversimplified example, I believe it captures the very essence of the attitude of people at the time. That is, because the society had condemned Jews of being the cause of everything bad. Such portrayals are very similar to what Carl Marx has written hundreds of years later, describing Jews as mere worshipers of money. Although in our days the Jew of Malta can be viewed as a cynical work, I seriously doubt that Marlowe has such an intention, as he characterized it atragedy. Â  It is clear to me that no matter how anti-Semitism is viewed today after many important events like the Holocaust, the play was influenced by a lot of religious racism and prejudice, and Barabbas’ characteristics were nothing but the actual portrayal of ‘evil Jews’ as the English at the time viewed them. Consequently, Barabbas seems like the epitome of a real ‘Jew’, the epitome of evil, greed and lack of conscience. The case is similar in ‘The Merchant of Venice’, as Shylock is also portrayed like a perfect example of a Jew, as stereotyped in the Elizabethan times. I personally feel that Shakespeare was also influenced by the general anti-Semitic environment he lived in. Although a verdict of whether he was actually racist in his story is hard to be reached, I find it impossible that a play meant for Christians would not follow the trends of the time. The examples in the story are numerous and clear, straightforwardly proving the position of the Jews. From the fact that the Jews are presented the way they are, up to the point that they are forced to convert to Christianity or give up a part of their wealth, it is evident how negative the Jewish religion was as a characteristic. The fact that it was the same thing for the government to gain wealth and convert a Jew, show the deep-rooted hatred against this religious group, and the fact that Christians simply wanted to get rid of them as they viewed them like parasites. Such sort of treatment reminds us, newer generations, of the Nazis and their monstrous acts but at the time of the original play, as aforementioned, racism was perfectly fine! Nevertheless, Shakespeare does act in a racist way, if we assume that a writer is judged by what he actually writes. I would strongly doubt that Shakespeare intended to make his play anything similar to a parody or a criticism of stereotypes, and I believe that he expresses what he purely thinks. As we have seen from the two plays, the Jewish protagonists, Barabbas and Shylock have a very negative and unethical personality. Their vile and evil acts, paired with their appalling characters, seem to be the actual description of a negative stereotype towards the Jews. Although it may seem ambiguous whether these portrayals are actual and literal or simply ironic, it is clear to me that the answer is simple. The two authors have no intention at all of criticizing racism and simply portray Jews just as a normal Elizabethan would. So, the two stories, although politically incorrect and really prejudiced, are the result of truthful portrayals and honest approaches of the description of characters with a Jewish religion. No matter how wrong and inaccurate, these descriptions were made with complete seriousness by writers living in an environment were such sort of prejudice was rooted from many years ago and continued to bloom.

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Bride :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Bride I wouldn't want anyone to think that I'm trying to have the last word here but I thought it only appropriate that the bride speaks and those of you who know me well enough will agree that it's usually hard to keep me quite. Well today is no exception, so here we go! I feel privileged to be sharing our day with most of the friends and family who have been important to us during our lives. Many of you have travelled from afar:- South Africa, Botswana and even the UK, and some of you have had 0to take time off work to be here. Thanks to all of you for the efforts and sacrifices you have made to be with us today. Of course there are those who are unable to be with us and there is one person in particular who I would dearly have loved to be here today to see me married and that is my Dad. He's certainly been in our thoughts today,a s he is everyday. I'd like to thank Allan for his earlier compliments and would like to add how wonderful he looks today. Allan and I have been together for about 14 years (as has been mentioned a number of times tonight) and during that time we've been through a lot. But he has many wonderful qualities - charms, brains & beauty are sadly the only ones missing! No seriously, I would like to thank Allan for being the person that he is. He is good company and is funny, affectionate and loving and he's a friend as well as a partner and it means a lot to be is wife after so many years. I would now like to drink my own private toast to him and or future together. To Allan, you know everything about me and love me just the same. Now I don't mean to bore you with repetition but I would like to say a few personal thank you's to some very special people who have contributed enormously to our day:- * Firstly, to the most wonderful mother a child could ever have – not only for all the love, support and guidance over the years but also for everything you've done towards today. Your massive contribution has been priceless and without you we would never have managed and today would not have been possible, never mind so special.

Compare handmaids tale and 1984 Essay

In The Handmaid’s Tale Margaret Atwood puts across the sense of mystery, things that were once there but are no more. She talks about ‘the pungent smell of sweat, shot through with the sweet smell of chewing gum and perfume’ which came from the girls who once watched the basketball matches that were ‘formally played there’. In the first section of this book we get the feeling that the character is quite lost, lost in what once was and not in the here and now. She tells us about the dances that ‘would have been held there’ and the lingering music that she could still hear very faintly. We get the feeling that this women has very little, no personal belongings, no wealth; nothing. The fact that the women in this building were not even allowed to exchange names tells the reader that this is some kind of prison, the women have no freedom they are constantly being watched by the ‘Angels’ likewise in Nineteen Eighty-Four written by George Orwell there is a significant similarity between the ‘Angels’ in The Handmaid’s Tale and the Posters in Nineteen Eighty-Four. The Angels watch over the women and in Nineteen Eighty-Four the poster which is described as a ‘one of those pictures which are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move.’ Watch over everyone who passes by it. Beneath it the caption read ‘BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU’ giving off the impression that someone, somewhere is watching this middle aged man. The man described on the poster some might say could only be the description of Hitler; ‘a man of about forty-five, with s heavy black moustache and ruggedly handsome features’ Winston also tells us that the posters were ‘plastered everywhere’ also revealing, like The Handmaid’s Tale that nowhere is safe. Adding to this is the telescreen, which cannot be switched off again may be a sign that someone or something is always watching you, and that you are never alone. Both the Angels and the Posters in these books are very intimidating figures or ‘objects of fear.’ The Angels did not look or talk to the women just stood with their backs to them to show domination. Correspondingly the ‘enormous face, more than a metre wide’ plastered on the walls with the eyes that followed you when you move is also seen as a sign of domination. The two figures show signs of both aggression and great importance, the fact that the Angles will not talk or look at the women tells us that they are  seen as more significant than them. In addition to this the fact that there are so many of these posters and the fixating look on the enormous face also shows great discomfort and stress.

Novel: Family and Stella

Practice 1 – one story you like the best & what lessons you have learned from the story The novel Step by Wicked Step by Anne Fine which I have studied, all the stories are special in their own way but the one that strikes a chord with me is Claudia’s Stories: The Green Pyjamas. The story is about Claudia’s slow but sure acceptance of her stepmother, Stella. In the beginning, she is depicted as young girl who struggles to accept the changes in her life. Her parents have decided to separate ways as their marriage fails with the emergence of Stella, the new woman in her father’s life.Claudia finds it difficult to accept Stella at first but despite Stella’s effort to be friendly to her. However, one eventful incident changes their relationship. The dinner party to celebrate her father’s birthday breaks the ice between Stella and Claudia. Claudia goes out of her way to make the guests realize how rude they have been to Stella. There are many lessons I have learned from this story. First, Claudia is a mature and sensible girl. At the dinner party, she shows that she can put aside her ego and pride by making the guests treat Stella politely.She purposely shows off the green pyjamas given by Stella. The guests act like Stella is invisible and Claudia is angry because Stella is actually a very nice person. This shows her good nature despite her young age. Second, the message in the story is acceptance and tolerance. Learning to cope with her stepmother for Claudia is challenging. It takes a lot of patience and understanding from both sides. This event certainly triggers the beginning of a better relationship between Claudia and Stella.Clearly sometimes in life, we do not have a choice but to accept the circumstances. Practice 2 – one character that you admire/like/ taught you important lessons/attract your attention Important lessons: we should be responsible towards our family and friends. I choose the novel Step by Wicked Step written by Anne Fine. The character that I admire the most/attract my attention is Claudia. There are many reasons why I admire her very much. Firstly, Claudia is a very kind girl. During her father’s birthday party, Claudia wears her green pyjamas given by her stepmother, Stella.She put aside her ego and pride because she feels that the guests in the party are rude when they refuse to talk with Stella and does not compliment Stella on her cooking. They act like Stella is invisible and Claudia feels angry because Stella is actually a very nice person. Apart from that, Claudia is a very responsible daughter to her mother. She knows the fact that her mother hates the fact that her father is happy with a new women in his life so she pretends that she is unhappy when she has to go to her father’s house. Claudia also refuses to accept Stella’s kindness because she is a loyal daughter to her mother.In addition, I really admire Claudia because she is a fai r and sensible person. She does not blame Stella for her parents' break-up. At the dinner party, she thinks that the guests are rude for not appreciating Stella's hard work. She realizes that ignoring Stella would not help solving matters between her parents. Feeling sorry for Stella who is being ignored by the guests, she decides to help her get accepted by showing off the green pyjamas which Stella gave her. In a nutshell, the character that I like the most is Claudia because she is very kind, loyal, fair and sensible person. I think I can learn a lot from her character.Practice 3 – one theme you like. Give evidences. I choose the novel Step by Wicked Step by Anne Fine. One of the themes in the novel is family love. This is seen in some characters in the story. After Richard leaves home, his mother and sister never stop looking for him. They wait desperately for his return. His mother uses up the family funds to find him. In doing so, she suffers her husband’s wrath. Not surprisingly, she soon dies of heartbreak. Charlotte is a caring and loving sister to Richard. Unlike him, she makes an effort to get along with her stepfather as she wants a happy and peaceful home life.She tries to mediate between her brother and stepfather. After her mother’s death, charlotte marries at sixteen to a man she does not love in order to enable her to continue looking for her brother, Richard. As a last attempt, she leaves a sad letter in the tower room for him, telling Kim what has happened in his absence. Colin loves his stepfather, Jack, like his own as his real father has left his mother and him when he is just a baby. He and Jack do all the things a father and son would do. Jack too loves him as his own son. After his mother leaves Jack, Colin misses him very much.He spends his hours daydreaming of the times they have spent together. He goes to the skating rink not to skate but to listen to their favourite song, The Bluebird of Happiness. He never giv es up hope of finding Jack and is saving money to do so once he is old enough. Practice 4 – memorable event I choose novel Step by Wicked Step written by Anne Fine, an interesting event is the death of Richard’s father. This event/ incident is memorable because it changed Richard’s life and in the end, his whole family. The first change that Richard had to face is his mother’s marriage to Reverend Coldstone.Richard hated his stepfather because he enforced strict rules and made Richard feel that his house was like a prison. He also sent Richard away to Mordanger School for four years. Another change is betrayal. Richard felt that his mother had betrayed when she allowed Reverend Coldstone to treat him badly. He also felt betrayed when Charlotte persuaded him not to hate his stepfather. Finally, Richard decided to run away and vanish. His departure caused financial ruin and heartbreak to his mother and sister. His mother spent a lot of money to search for h im.Charlotte married a man she did not love to continue the search after their mother died. The death of Richard’s father brought about a lot of changes in Richard’s family. Most of them are sorrowful. From this incident, we must remember that we should be courageous in difficult times. Practice 5 – moral values I choose novel Step by Wicked Step written by Anne Fine. An important moral value that I have learnt from the novel is love and devotion. The first character who showed love and devotion is Richard’s mother. She spent a lot of money seeking for Richard although she had to suffer Reverend Coldstone’s anger and disapproval.Another character who demonstrated love and devotion is Charlotte. She continued her mother’s search for her brother, Richard. She did not have any money, she married a rich man she did not love at sixteen in order to continue the searching of Richard. Apart from that, Colin also showed love and devotion. He kept his dad’s tobacco tin and hummed their favourite song. He does three paper rounds to earn money to search for his dad when he is old enough. These characters have greatly showed their love and devotion. They proved that people will do anything for the ones they love.

Recycling Old Paper to Make Beautiful Handmade Paper

Recycling Old Paper to Make Beautiful Handmade Paper You can make paper from recycled scraps of just about any paper  you can find. By adding decorative items, such as petals, you can create beautiful personalized stationary. This is a fun craft that teaches about recycling while making a useful handmade product. Types of Paper You Can Recycle You can use pretty much any type of paper product for this project, but steer clear of waxed cardboard.   Construction paperPrinter paperMagazinesToilet paperPaper towelsPaper bagsNewspapers (will produce a grayish paper)CardstockNon-waxed cardboardNapkins Decorations There are many materials you can add to the paper for a decorative effect. You may wish to add flower or vegetable seeds to the paper, which can be planted. Flower petalsSeedsFine leaves or grassFoilString or yarnDryer lintFood coloring (for dyeing your paper)Liquid starch (to make your paper less-absorbent so that you can write on it with ink) Build a Frame While you can pulp your paper and make a rough product just by pouring it out and allowing it to dry, you can also form your paper into a rectangular sheet if you use a frame. You can make a frame by duct-taping an old piece of window screen onto a small rectangular picture frame. You could also staple the screening onto the frame to make the mold. Another option is to bend a wire coat hanger into a shape and slip old pantyhose around it to act as a screen. Make Your Own Paper You are going to pulp the old paper together with water, spread it out, and allow it to dry. Its that simple! Tear the paper (feel free to mix different types) into small bits and put it into a blender.Fill the blender about 2/3 full with warm water.Pulse the blender until the pulp is smooth. If you are going to write on the paper, blend in 2 teaspoons of liquid starch.Set your mold in a shallow basin or pan. You can  use a cookie sheet or a sink. Pour the blended mixture into the mold. Sprinkle in your mix-ins (thread, flower petals, etc.). Shake the mold from side to side, keeping it in the liquid, to level out your paper pulp mixture.You have few different options to absorb the excess water. You could remove the mold from the liquid, let the paper dry in the mold, without absorbing the liquid. You can also flip the paper  paper out onto your countertop and use a sponge to wick away excess water or you could press a cookie sheet onto the paper to squeeze out the excess liquid.

Make Use of These Connecting Words and Phrase All Writers Apply

Make Use of These Connecting Words and Phrase All Writers Apply Here is a list of words and phrases that are used to connect the sentences, the ideas and thoughts in any type of essays. Although, to many students, a writing assignment may seem like a very cruel form of torture, writing, in reality, can serve as a very useful tool in developing one’s critical thinking skills, and can help build one’s expertise in using their language. Also, writing enhances one’s ability to communicate effectively, which is a critical and much-needed skill in the workplace. It is a skill that will, to put it bluntly, help people get what they want in life and in their career.  For example, the effective communicator accesses the job interview and lands a good job over the person who isn’t an effective communicator. The same applies to educational writing. When it comes to written communication (especially when writing the major essay types: argumentative essay, or persuasive essay, cause and effect essay, compare and contrast essay or  expository essay), the better the student conveys a point, makes a solid argument, and presents a well-detailed treatise on a certain subject, the more likely they will obtain a high grade on the writing assignment. This is usually accomplished through the use of connection words and phrases. Regardless of the kind of an essay, a student is assigned to write, a working knowledge of connection words and phrases (as well as how to correctly incorporate them into a written assignment) is always advantageous. These can help support a claim, make an argument, help to defend one’s reasoning and especially illustrate cause and effect; they help provide a thorough explanation and can certainly persuade the reader to believe or agree with an argument. Connection/connecting or linking verbs and phrases can illustrate objection or a rebuttal of something (with words like however, but, and on the contrary); they can provide an illustration (for example, for instance), can incorporate transitional phrases for enumeration (first, secondly, next, finally, lastly), and can demonstrate consequence (therefore, consequently, as a result). List of Connecting Words and Phrases Before looking through the list of connecting words and phrases, you may read another article on the similar topic: The Importance of the Transition Words and Phrases Some of these phrases and words begin a sentence, while others are used to connect two separate thoughts – either with the use of a semicolon or well-placed comma, and are therefore inserted in the middle of a sentence. The purpose Connecting words and phrases Example To indicate a contrast in comparison; however; on the contrary; rather; alternatively; however; though; nevertheless; notwithstanding; in spite of this; although; similarly; conversely Writing well is a product of hard work, education, and extensive reading; however, some people are natural-born storytellers. To provide an illustration for example; that is to say; in other words; namely; such as; including; chiefly; mainly; most importantly Prohibition was a terrible, dreadful failure, mainly because it did nothing but make a lot of criminals – namely bootleggers – filthy rich. To extend a point similarly; equally; likewise, furthermore; also; indeed; above all; as well; in addition It has been said that writer Ernest Hemingway had no other interests beyond violence, and sports; and, indeed, he published several books that confirm this observation To demonstrate cause and effect, or a conclusion between two notions therefore; thus; hence; as a result; consequently; this suggests that; in short; this implies; in all There have been recent discoveries that amoebas do not leave behind a carbon footprint; therefore it is virtually impossible to determine exactly how long they have been on Earth. Transitional, to indicate the next step first of all; next; secondly; to begin with; first and foremost; then; finally; ultimately; lastly First of all, Christopher Columbus should not be considered a hero to Americans. Secondly, Columbus was not even the first explorer to discover the Americans. To summarize overall; in sum; to sum it up; in conclusion In conclusion, this essay examined two entirely different – yet effective – methods of teaching math to fifth-graders. Connecting words and phrases are very important while writing an academic paper. If you feel you need assistance with the correct use of connecting words in your essay or you need any other help with your essay writing, contact our friendly support team.

Impact of the Virtual Private Network on Businesses Research Paper

Impact of the Virtual Private Network on Businesses - Research Paper Example VPNs are categorized according to the role they play in business, and there are three different categories of VPNs, one being remote access VPNs that allows remote users like mobile employees to securely access the business network. Furthermore, we have intranet VPNs enables a company to connect its remote sites to the corporate backbone, and lastly, extranet VPNs facilitates an organization’s suppliers, strategic associates and customers to be connected to the company network (Bidgoli, 2005). Introduction The growth of internet users globally has been phenomenal from a meager four computers in 1969 that formed the ARPANET to an estimated 2.4 billion users in 2012(internet world statistics). Businesses depend on the internet for real-time information; thus, the accessibility and easy availability of the internet has enabled an unprecedented growth, and the need for secure networks became essential. However, businesses that have dispersed locations are faced with the issue of l ong-distance private communication (Wallace, 1998); this is considering that communication with others privately across long distances previously was too expensive and difficult. Business exchange information securely within computers and devices on these networks provided that only persons with real access to the network could share that information. Thus, communication across long distances enabled large businesses to lease private phone lines from service provider AT&T, and this meant that only business information was transmitted on the line. Therefore, a business establishment in Los Angeles was able to lease an entire phone line from AT&T to connect to their office in Atlanta, Georgia. The business paid for the line without due regard to the volume of data exchanged on it. This leased line solution used by business for private communication turned out to be costly that several businesses could not use this method of connectivity. The growth of VPNs A Virtual Private Network co nceals the line between the open public internet and a closed private leased line network (Wouters and Bantoft, 2006). Kosiur (1998) calls them virtual to indicate that although circuit between two sites could be treated as a private line, it was not physically wired and served only as a linkage when traffic was passing over the circuit. The evolution VPNs started with the earlier usage of frame relay technology, whereby businesses would enjoy secure method of communication by utilizing a router at each endpoint. They became important because of the usage of less equipment to form a secure connection than leased lines (Dern, 1992). Moreover, they were comparatively cheap than leased lines, considering the overall expense and the inability to exhaust all the bandwidth of the leased line. Considering all the advantages it had, there were still costly issues that accompanied its usage; for example, maintenance, and this led to the development of an Internet-based VPN. This technology u sed open and the readily available Internet to form a secure connection amongst multiple users including those in remote locations and connections were established when needed and terminated after data transmission (Berger, 2012).  

Life along the silk road ( tang dynsaty) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Life along the silk road ( tang dynsaty) - Essay Example Merchants and traders both traveled and did business on the Silk Road and faced numerous challenges that always confronted them. Harsh Weather Conditions One of the more obvious challenges that merchants faced along the Silk Road was the harsh weather conditions. In fact, the Silk Road is surrounded by the Taklimakan Desert, whose severe and hostile climate would cause temperatures to soar to as high as 50 degrees Celsius in the summer or fall to as low as minus 20 degrees in the winter. Aside from this, strong winds brought about numerous dangerous sandstorms in the Taklimakan Desert (Mon). Moreover, the Taklimakan Desert had fewer oases than the neighboring Gobi Desert (Wild). Lastly, clouds of dust and silt may blow with the wind and persist for days (Wood 16). Wars and Conflicts There were numerous routes along the Silk Road, and because of this, â€Å"The issues caused by the development of the route included invasion and robbery by nomadic tribes and increased merchant costsâ €  (What is the History of the Silk Road?). the increased merchant costs were necessary as the need for escort and protection increased through the years. Based on the account of a robbery as retold by the Sogdian merchant Nanaivandak, a number of his fellow merchants who wandered along the routes in smaller groups were ambushed, robbed and killed by bandits (Whitfield 48). There was indeed a great risk of traveling along the Silk Road in small groups as Central Asian bandits would often seize the opportunity to inflict harm on the merchants and steal their goods and kill them if they resisted. Besides, it was not only silk that was being traded along these routes but also â€Å"jewels, ivories, pearls†¦corals, diamonds†¦bronze ware, porcelains† whether being sold by merchants or carried home by them (The Great Tang Dynasty). These products from various parts of the world would be very attractive to all robbers and bandits of Central Asia. Disease According to Wi lliam McNeill’s Plagues and Peoples, there was â€Å"diffusion of diseases via the Silk Road† (Rossabi). Even before the Black Death ravaged Europe, there may have already been several diseases that have come from Europe and which may have spread throughout China and Asia through the Silk Road. Nevertheless, there was little evidence on this. However, one of these diseases that may have spread through Asia through the Silk Road was Behcet’s disease. Behcet’s disease, which currently affects Far Eastern and Middle Eastern countries, may have come from Western Europe and affects 4 for every 1,000 people even now. Behcet’s disease is a vascular disease characterized by an overactivity of the body’s inflammatory immune response thus resulting in the destruction of blood vessels, severe mouth and genital ulcers, skin lesions and in severe cases, blindness (Disease genes that followed the Silk Road identified). According to medical experts, the ge nes for this disease may have come from the interactions of infected people along Silk Road during the Tang Dynasty. Negative Influences There was also an exchange of religious ideas along the Silk Road in addition to trading (Culture). However, this was the introduction of new religions to

Just search in internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Just search in internet - Essay Example His ideas are highly imaginative and call for a deep insight on the issues that are prevalent in the society due to negligence on the impacts of our actions that others face. His ideas are, hence, not for the good of an individual but for the society as a whole. His views incorporate the broader picture of the society by focusing on individualistic actions and reactions. He emphasizes on the concept of ethics in the society and moral justifications for every aspect of life and activities involved. This paper critically analyzes the concepts of Aristotle’s civic relationships in accordance with the contemporary ethical values as proposed and implemented by the practitioners in various fields. Civic relationships are constituted on a number of elements as proposed by Aristotle. The concept of civic virtue is one of the most important concepts in this regard. Civic virtue refers to promoting habits and activities of individuals which take the community’s good in view. Acco rding to Aristotle, civic virtue is related to the concept of morality and gives rise to the righteous behavior for citizen’s contribution in the society and community matters. ... He believes that virtuous behaviors and the concept of virtues in the civic relationship context may be taught. Civic virtue opens a wide area of understanding the role of individuals in the society and their duties in relation to it. The concept of friendship, according to Aristotle is not linked with earning profits or gaining advantages but it is the relationship between the people who work in the best favor of the other. This way, the relationships between people are built stronger promoting the sense of trust and understanding. Friendship is based on the notion that each individual works and acts in way to benefit the other without any personal interest except for advantaging the friend. Aristotle clarifies that friendship is not a relationship which can be developed with every other part of the social institutions. Rather, he defines this relationship to be limited to a number of people who have the feelings of benefiting each other without any consent of acquiring some advanta ge from the other at present or future. The perfect friendship, according to him, is the one which binds the individuals in mutual tasks, activities and spending more time together. Not every person, according to this explanation, falls in the category of friend as it is impossible to some extent to spend time with every other person in a way explained by Aristotle. The notion to benefit others by one’s action is also controversial as people in the complex society today have their personal interests and benefits that seek and believe to attain using or involving with others. Such relationships are called as ‘imperfect friendships’ which lack pleasure, mutual understanding and trust in each other. Aristotle defines happiness as an

Explanation of theme

Explanation of theme Explanation of Theme The theme of this spring Carnegie Hall program is painful love. Whether unrequited, long distance, untimely ended, or secret, the types of love represented by the songs on this recital are painful to each of the narrators in a profound way. Program Notes Henry Purcell, an English Baroque composer, began his studies at a young age as a chorister in Westminster Abbey, later attending the Westminster School and receiving the position of organist at Westminster Abbey in 1676. He began composing at nine years old and in all, composed 65 strophic songs, 148 theatrical songs, and four main operas, including the famous Dido and Aeneas. By 1690 he was considered a full time composer for the theatrical stage. â€Å"Not all my torments,† the first song of the program, comes from Purcells Gresham Manuscript and is said to have been written around 1693. It is one of the early composers most melismatic pieces and only utilizes four lines of text from an anonymous source, describing a lovers despair at his unrequited love. The second song â€Å"What shall I do?† is derived from Purcells opera, Dioclesian, a tragicomedy in five acts written in 1622. The opera is based on the play The Prophetess by John Fletcher and Philip Massinger. Th e librettist, Thomas Betterton, an English actor born around 1635, had an extensive acting career and collaborated efficiently with Purcell on Dioclesian. â€Å"What shall I do?† appears in Act III of the opera, at which point the character asks what he can to do show Aurelia, his love, the way he feels about her without pushing her away. The final Purcell song is â€Å"Draw near, you lovers,† poetry by Thomas Stanley. Stanley, English author and translator, wrote â€Å"The Exquies† in 1647, from which the text of the song is derived. The narrator describes the pure sadness he feels about his experiences with love and that even in death he feels the turmoil of his misery. The next set of songs is by Italian bel canto composer Vincenzo Bellini. He was a child prodigy and began composing at six years old, later continuing his studies at the conservatory in Naples under Nicolo Zingarelli. Considered the â€Å"quintessential composer of bel canto opera,† he wrote 12 operas, of which La Sonnambula and Norma are considered his greatest. The four songs on this program are all considered composizioni/romanze da camera, which are songs written for the amateur singer and comparable to miniature arias, with little thought to the fusion of poetry and music. Dedicated to Countess Sofia Voina, â€Å"Il fervido desiderio† describes the narrators longing to see his lover. â€Å"Il fervido desiderio† is no. 1 of Bellinis Tre Ariette. â€Å"Vanne, o rosa fortunata,† number 2 of Sei Ariette, tells the story of someone who envies a rose because, unlike him, it can rest on the bosom of Nice, his true love. In â€Å"Vaga luna,† an arietta also from Bellinis Tre Ariette – number 3 – the speaker sings to the moon of the longing he feels for his far away lover and asks it to relay those feelings to her. The final song of the set is â€Å"Per pieta, bellidol mio,† number 5 from Sei Ariette, in which the speaker begs for his lover to not say he is ungrateful and acknowledges the pain he feels because of his love. The piece that begins the second half of the recital, â€Å"Ah! Mio cor† from Handels Alcina, is sung by the character Alcina. Although the character is a soprano role, the aria can be sung by mezzo sopranos as well. Alcina is a sorceress who seduces every knight that arrives on her island and casts a spell on the knight Ruggiero, who then falls in love with her. The aria appears in Act II, Scene 1, at which point Alcina finds out that Ruggiero has escaped from her and describes her pain and unhappiness. Alcina is based on Ludovic Ariostos Orlando furioso, an epic poem set around the time of Charlemagnes rule and is an opera seria consisting of a prologue and four acts. The composer, G.F. Handel, was German-born and at a young age, was already proficient on the pipe organ and harpsichord; he studied composition and the keyboard with Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow. Later moving to Italy and working for the Medici family in Florence, the prolific composer is best known for his numerou s operas, oratorios, and concerti. The â€Å"La Maja dolorosa† songs are derived from Enrique Granados Coleccion de tonadillas, written in 1910, poetry by Periquet. Granados was a Catalan born Spanish composer influenced strongly by the painter Francesco Goya and is well known for his tonadillas, which are short songs and scenes about everyday life that are written in the vernacular and not danced. These three â€Å"La Maja dolorosa† songs trace the terrible feelings a woman experiences after her lover has passed away.

Bethany Hills, Omemee Esker and Fleetwood Creek :: essays research papers

Stop 2: Glacial Lake Peterborough Glacial Lake Peterborough had many attributing spillways attached to it, feeding meltwater and sediment from the ice margin and or other glacial lakes. Much of the sediment that was deposited in Glacial Lake Peterborough came from either from the stagnant ice blocks located on the Oak Ridges moraine or from the Lake Algonquin drainage system. Much of the deposition in this lake was dominated by sediment stratification, which may have been largely influenced by thermal stratification. As a result of thermal stratification occurring in this glacial lake sediment inputs were greatly influenced depending on the different sediment densities between the lake bottom water to that of the incoming meltwater and if the inflow density was less/more than the bottom water than the lake water bottom, than new transport and depositional paths were created Depending on the type of path that was created, it would largely influence the rate and distance to which the sediment was transported. Stop 3a: Kettleby Till The Kettleby till is considered to be younger than the main till in the area because it may have been deposited by ice contact stratified drift. Ice contact stratified drift is normally deposited by meltwater in contact and or in close proximity to the ice sheet. Stratification and some sorting do takes place. Stop 3B: Bethany Hills Deltaic sands on southern Flank Yes this feature is the result of erosion and depositional processes however, it is not associated with the current water course. This feature may be the result of a Gilbert type delta that once occupied this area. Gilbert type deltas have three main components; topsets, foresets and bottomsets. Topsets are fluvial sediments (primarily sandur deposits) that were deposited on the subaerial delta surface. Erosive events occurring on the upper forslope can result in downslope channels and chutes. These features are then eroded by either strong currents or by debris flow resulting in these channels and chutes to become filled. Foresets are a combination of sand and gravel facies. The are deposited by gravitational processes on the delta foreslope and the grains tend to become finer and more angular downslope. Bottomsets consist of fine grained silts and clay and are deposited at the foot of the delta front. Stop 3C: Drumlin in older northern/Newmarket Till I believe that this drumlin is closely related to erosion and accretion hypotheses of drumlin formation. This is because of its location being close to a steep valley wall.

An analysis of sigmund freuds level of consciousness Essay

Sigmund Freud, born in 1856, was an Austrian neurologist and physiologist. Today, Freud is known as â€Å"one of the most influential and authoritative thinkers of the twentieth century†(Berger). Throughout his lifetime, which had ended in September of 1939, Freud had many theories, however, his most well known as the â€Å"psychoanalytic theory of personality development,† which argued that the human psyche is divided into three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. In the novel Lord of the Flies, many readers believed that the author, William Goldberg, applied Freud’s theory to the characters in the book. Based off of Sigmund Freud’s â€Å"psychoanalytic theory of personality development,† Jack Merridew was the id in the story, while Piggy was the superego, and Ralph was the ego. According to Freud’s theory, the id relies directly on instinct as they go through life, ignoring the logistics of reality and the possible consequences. Freud gives an example of an id by comparing it to an infant, who often demands immediate satisfaction, and will react poorly if their needs are not immediately fulfilled. In Lord of the Flies, Jack Merridew is a representation of how a newborn child with power and motor skills could act. When Jack and his hunters leave to hunt for pig and neglected his fireside duties, there is a connection with Freud’s theory. Jack did what would give him direct pleasure, which was, at the time, to hunt. However, because of Jack’s needs, the fire had been allowed to go out and the boys missed one of their only opportunities of rescue, as a ship traveled by the island, but there was no signal smoke. This event highlights Jack’s connections to the id because he had no consideration or thought of what the outcome would be if he was constantly caught up in his own needs. Another time when Jack’s actions relate to Freud’s theory is when the boys are having an assembly to discuss the best sightings. During the assembly, Jack attempts to take Ralph’s power away by causing a disturbance and questioning Ralph’s leadership in front of the whole group. Once again breaking the rules of the conch, Jack shouts, â€Å"And you shut up! Who are you, anyway? Sitting there telling people what to do. You can’t hunt, you can’t sing—†(Golding 91). Clearly, Jack is challenging Ralph’s authority in an attempt to shift it to himself, ignoring the fact that Ralph is a better leader. Jack’s overwhelming need for power convinces him that the position of the leader should be his. Before Ralph, Roger, and Jack start their climb up the mountain to see the beast, Ralph says something that highlights Jack’s connections to the id throughout the whole book. While Ralph was challenging Jack, the text reads, â€Å"For the first time since he had first known Jack, Ralph could feel him hesitate†(Goldberg 122). This quote backs up the fact that for the most part, Jack had gone through his days on the island acting on instinct without a single hesitation. It was only in this moment of time that Ralph could sense any sort of hesitation from Jack, and it would be the only time.

Marriage and Family Structure Essay

â€Å"Marriage is not a ritual or an end. It is a long, intricate, intimate dance together and nothing matters more than your own sense of balance and your choice of partner. † These were words of Army Bloom while commenting on the topic of marriage (Sardone 2010). Human race is a product of a family in one way or another. However, not all can be said to exist in the planet as result of marriage. They are those that were born out of wedlock and either live with one parent or have never known any of their parents. Nevertheless, marriages still take place and families continue to exist. With the development of society, both the marriage and family structure have undergone transformation and many have veered off from the traditional definitions of the same. This paper is aimed at showing that marriage and family are important parts of any culture despite there being different types of marriage and family structure. According to Goepfrich (2007, p 3) in his book â€Å"Marriage, Divorce and Remarriage, marriage can be defined as â€Å"the social institution under which man and woman establish their decision to live as husband and wife by legal commitments or religious ceremonies among others. † Goepfrich acknowledges that for people to be recognized as married, they must have witnesses and the ceremony conducted by either a civil servant or a religious minister. However such a statement by the author ignores the fact that there are so many people who claim to be happily married yet they have never been legally married. In some cultures especially in the places such as Africa, a marriage can be validated by traditional elders without the necessity of the couple being awarded a marriage certificate. However, one thing agreeable to all is that a marriage will lead into a family; since any couples get married to form a family. Types of Marriages Authors have classified marriage into different categories depending on the context. The Sociology Guide (2010) divides marriages in several types; polygyny (polygamy), polyandry, group marriage, monogamy; under monogamy there is serial monogamy and straight monogamy. Polygyny (Polygamy) In this type of marriage, a single man has more than one wife at a particular period (Sociology Guide 2010). There are different cultures that do not view this type of marriage as valid and therefore it is not encouraged. Civil laws in many countries do not recognize polygamous families and this leads the man to either live with the other wives secretly or without valid wedding certificate. Christianity as a religion teaches that a marriage should be â€Å"one-man one-wife† and thus one is required to declare that he has never married before and if he had done so, the wife had died. Some Christian denominations do not even join divorcees in the holy matrimony. However in Islamic cultures as well as in societies in South Africa, polygamous marriages are recognized. A good example is that of the incumbent president of South Africa, Jacob Zuma who has more than four wives. Sororal polygyny or sororate is a situation where one man has married blood sisters, while in non sororal polygyny, the wives are not blood sisters (Sociological Guide, 2010). Polyandry Though not as common as polygamous marriage, this type of marriage entails one woman having more than one husband. This is not recognized in many cultures and therefore those who involve themselves in such do not do it in open. However, some cultures allow blood brothers to share wives especially if the husband is impotent or he only sires children of one sex. This type of marriage is referred to as fraternal or alelphic polyandry and is very common among the Todas. In non fraternal polyandry, the husbands are not related in any way and the other men cannot claim the woman as their wife at that particular time when he is living with one of them (Sociological Guide, 2010). Monogamous Family This type is regarded as the ideal type of marriage in addition to being the most common and acceptable by nearly all cultures and religions, even those that accept the other types of marriage. It is a one-man one-husband marriage. Under this type of marriage, there is the serial marriage where a husband remarries after the demise of his wife. In such a situation, this is not regarded as polygamy. Of recent, it has become common for the spouse to get another wife/husband after divorce. However, some people chose to remain single after the departure of their spouses. In what is referred to as a straight marriage, the spouse may not be allowed to remarry under any circumstances (Sociology Guide, 2010). Forced Marriages In this type of marriage, the woman is abducted and the husband rapes her. In those cultures where forced marriages are practiced, there is a belief that once a man has intercourse with a woman, he automatically becomes her husband. This practice however is not very common in many societies of the world and is therefore detested in those cultures that do not practice it. In some African cultures, girls are married off to elderly men while they are still toddlers in exchange of livestock. The child continues to stay with her family until she reaches puberty and this is when she is taken to the husband by the parents, whether willingly or unwillingly (Sfetsu, 2009). Same sex Marriage The issue of same sex marriage has generated more heat than light in the contemporary society, with some supporting it while others demonizing it. However, same sex marriage has been legalized in different states of the world. Sexologists have used the term homosexuality to refer to people who have â€Å"a same sex gender sexual orientation† However, in the community, the term ‘gay’ has been used to refer to male homosexuals with the term ‘lesbian’ referring to female homosexuals; sometimes ‘gay’ refers to both women and men. There are some who are attracted to people of both genders and are referred to as heterosexuals (Cantor, 2006, p. xiii). Those who oppose the same sex marriage argue that they are unnatural and that they provide the nonconductive environment for the raising of children. They also argue that it threatens marriage as an institution in addition to going against religious principles among other reasons. However, proponents of homosexuality state that homosexuals are human beings and thus have their own rights (Bidstrup, 2000). Marriage in the Western Culture In this century, marriage in European and American culture is often legally defined as monogamous. This does not mean that there are no few societies that do still practice polygamy while others are in what is referred to as open marriages. In latter form of marriage, the spouse has the freedom to leave when he or she feels like. In the Western world, divorce has been made less complicated and thus has increased in rate. Marriage is seen as a legal covenant which recognizes the emotional union of the couples and can be terminated any time the partners feel like. In this world, it is the woman who is granted the custody of child and not the husband in case of a divorce or separation. In addition, all the partners have the duty of supporting their children (Sfetcu, 2009). When a child has been born out of wedlock, he or she is entitled to enjoy the same rights just like those that are legitimate. In the Western cultures, partners are protected by law from rape by their spouses and those who do so may find themselves in the court of law. Moreover, the law defends wives or even husbands from being physically abused or disciplined. In this culture, wealth that has been acquired since the couple married is often divided among the couple in case of divorce. What one gets however is determined by a court of law or community property law (Sfetcu, 2009). Marriage in the Eastern World In these cultures, marriage is regarded as being quite different from the way it is regarded in the Western world. For example in the former, polygamy is permitted; in fact men with many wives are generally considered as being wealthier than those with one wife. A large part of the population in the Eastern world is Islamic and though the religion advocates for the marriage of a man and woman, the Quran allows a man to have a maximum of four wives (Sfetcu, 2009). However in such societies, all the wives must be treated as being equal by the man. In states where the larger part of the population is Muslim, marriage is only permitted when both partners are Muslim; otherwise non Muslims must first denounce their religions and embrace Islam. In some societies in China, a man in the upper class would first be formally married and then later allowed to get concubines. However, the current communist regime does not permit polygamy but only monogamy (Sfetcu, 2009). Family Structure As years have come and gone, the society, including the family, has undergone great transformation. The term â€Å"family† has traditionally been used to describe the father mother and children as a unit. However, this structure has changed over time. The common types of family structure include childless, nuclear, extended as well single (Shelton, 2010). Nuclear Family Shelton (2010) defines a nuclear family as that family that â€Å"consists of a mother, father, and their biological or adoptive descendants, often called the traditional family† Many anthropologists usually regard this type of family structure highly than any other type of family and conducive one for the rearing of children. However, there must be emotional support, environment of love, economic support as well as enough time spent together. Single Parenthood Of the types of the family structures listed, this can be regarded as one the newest. This is because in the olden days, the society could not have imagined that a person could have lived without either a wife or a husband. In case of death or separation, remarriage would either take, place or the woman would be inherited by the brothers. However, with the economic independence of women, many usually decide to stay single after the separation, divorce or death. Some women are not interested in marriage and therefore choose to have children or one and raise them on their own. Research that has been done has shown that 25% of the children are born by women who are unmarried and mostly teenage mothers. Proponents of this type of family structure have stated that it has less pressure especially if it is formed after a divorce. However, some psychologists have claimed that this kind of marriage is disadvantageous especially to children as sometimes it is associated with juvenile delinquency (Shelton, 2010). Childless Family It is often the desire of many, if not all, couples to have a child or more after marriage; however, this is not always the case. A couple may also not be able to bear a child because of either social or biological problems. However, others may later get a child of their own in future or just decide to adopt one. Though many of such couples may opt to stick together, in some cultures however, lack of children after marriage is viewed negatively and the man if forced to remarry. The brothers of the husband may also be required to sire children for their brothers if it is realized that he is impotent. Others may however decide to rear a pet or two who acts as substitutes (Shelton, 2010). Extended Family An extended family can be described as a group of family members that is made up of adoptive or biological parents together with their children as well as other members of that family. In many global societies, an extended family has been described as â€Å"the basic family group. † In some cultures such as those with Asian origin, an entire extended family may live under the same roof. These may include; uncles, aunts, grandparents and even foster children. Sometimes children of parents who have died or separated may be raise by their grandparents (Mosby’s Medical Dictionary, 2009). Conclusion Despite the many types of marriage and family structure, one thing that is clear is that, marriage and family are important part of the human race. This is why all cultures in the world have both. Marriage is often viewed as a gateway into a family, though there are those that form families without marrying formally. It is however important for people to formalize their marriages as it will be easier to deal with some setbacks in the families such as divorces or death. .