Christian and Pagan Influence in Paradise Lost and...

Christian and Pagan Influence in Paradise Lost and Beowulf In Paradise Lost, Milton is adept at drawing from both Christian and pagan sources and integrating them in such a way that they reinforce one another (Abrams 1075). Of course it is a commonplace for critics to believe that Milton valued his Christian sources more highly than the pagan ones (Martindale 20); this is most likely due to the fact that he regarded the Christian sources as vessels of the truth. His classical allusions, on the other hand, served as references for things fallen or damned. Thus, as seen in the invocation to Book 7 (Descend from heav’n Urania, by that name / If rightly thou art called [7.1-2]) wherein Milton places his muse Urania, the Greek†¦show more content†¦Thus, I agree with John D. Niles that if this poem can be attributed to a Christian author composing not earlier than the first half of the tenth century†¦then there is little reason to read it as a survival from the heathen age that came to be marred by monkish interpolations (137) . Just as the Beowulf poet’s contemporary audience was thrown into a schizophrenic state by the pull of a pagan past against the new teachings of Christianity, the poet himself was put to task to successfully blend these religious ideologies in a complex yet effective plot that appealed to his audience precisely because they were attempting to reconcile their own beliefs. Although Beowulf most likely began as such a pagan epic, it eventually was expanded to include Christian elements, whereas Paradise Lost is definitely a Christian tale that uses classical allusions to remain connected to the epic tradition. In both tales, pagan or classical allusions, in contrast to Christian allusions, are used in reference to that which is fallen or damned. Yet I must be careful not to imply that Milton was using the Beowulf manuscript as a source because the manuscript was not available in England until 1815; therefore, Milton could not have been aware of it during theShow MoreRelatedReligion Throughout British Literature2205 Words   |  9 PagesWith all the books read in class this year, there has been some type of influence on the way each story was written. From Beowulf to Paradise Lost, there have been many, mostly religious, persuasions in the style and approach to writing of the novel. These influences, whether theyre religious or cultural or psychological , have a deep impact on the story and are reflective of a literary time period. The differences in each story show the changes in the culture, religion, or the way people thoughtRead MoreQualities of a Leader in Beowulf and Sir Gawain the Green Knight1074 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent character and upon completion of his journey the main character usually becomes the leader or a figure who has the potential to lead others, the leader is usually a well-known, revered, however they are alone, both figuratively and physically. Beowulf written by an unnamed poet has multiple characters that the reader can identify as leaders, one whom is within the first five lines of the text. Shielf Sheafson, is described as the scourge of many tribes becomes the first Cyng of the Danes. In SirRead MoreAnglo-Saxon Heroic Poetry5673 Words   |  23 PagesOld English poetry is divided into two types: the Heroic, the sources of which are pre-Christian Germanic myth, history and custom; and the Christ ian. Heroic, or Epic Poetry belongs to one of these two types and refers to long narrative poems celebrating the great deeds of one or more legendary heroes, in a grand, ceremonious style. In its strict use by literary critics, the terms Heroic Poetry or Epic are applied to a work that meets the following criteria: such a poem must be related in an

The Accounts Of Eros In The symposium Essay - 1797 Words

The Accounts of Eros in the quot;Symposiumquot; The word love carries with it many, many different interpretations. In modern day, our views on what is appropriate love is much different from the views from the time of Socrates and Plato. To them love was eros, a direct translation of the word love. However, the word itself wasnt the only thing that was different about love. In Platos quot;Symposiumquot;, there is a celebration for Agathon. He had just won a dramatic contest in Athens, Greece two nights ago. It is customary to drink much wine at these gatherings, however, every one present is too weak from the night before. (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg. xiii) So a proposition is made, by Phaedrus, to properly give praise to the†¦show more content†¦She speaks of the way Love was conceived, a clever scheme by a god to escape her misfortunes. It seems the goddess of poverty, Penia laid down beside Poros and became pregnant with Love (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg.48) This makes Love unique. Love is good, though, because he is a lover of wisdom, that is, he pursues the notion of philosophy. But, he is in between wisdom and ignorance (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg. 49), according to Diotima, which is much different an account from the other speakers. Phaedrus had placed Love at the top of all gods, describing ways in which Love quot;breathes might into some of the heroes,quot; (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg. 10). This is untrue. However, Diotima speaks of ways in which love helps human beings. This happens when the love for things like sports or poetry helps a person create something from nothing. Love is a word used to describe the whole, where there are special parts of love used to describe specific passions and possessions. (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg. 51). And love is wanting to posses the good forever (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg. 52) Finally we see the main points in Diotimas argument when she accurately describes the real purpose of love. It is almost like a natural instinct. All animals, including humans, have a need to reproduce. The real purpose in love is giving birth in beauty, whether in body or soul (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg.53). This means that the pregnant person causes the baby, or new born idea if theShow MoreRelatedWilliam Miller s The Of The Soul 940 Words   |  4 Pagespresented in a speech in the Symposium, and it is of intrigue as to why it never became a part of the soul Plato set out to define. Perhaps it was too much for him to interfere with the parallel between the city and the soul that he describes earlier in this work and their reliance on three parts. Or, as Cooper asks, was Plato meaning to leave a discussion on the eros under the surface of his work in the Republic? (pgs. 350-61). Regardless, discourse concerning eros in the Republic has taken placeRead MoreHomosexual Relationships Involving The Great Deities And Heroes1362 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat deities and brave heroes. In facts, those pieces of information were considered by our moral standards unappropriated and negligible, such that they had to be distorted in some way before the stories reach the public. The Greeks in Plato’s Symposium, however, are loud and proud of their homosexuality. Some argue that same-sex romance is the ideal and most honorable example of love since it guides the lover and the beloved to achieve the highest goods of life – wisdom and virtue. Ancient GreekRead MoreLove Is Passion, Bravery, And Bliss1115 Words   |  5 Pagesof love is, conceptually love is a confusing concept that proves to be challenging for even Socrates to understand. In Plato’s Symposium, Socrates attends a banquet at the house of Agathon, a young Athenian poet who had just won his first award for a drama. Soon after his arrival, the idea of eros - erotic love - is brought up, and after a few speeches praising eros, Socrates finally is granted his turn. In his discussion of love, Socrates remembers the wisdom of Diotima, who describes fallingRead MorePlato s Theory Of Love1789 Words   |  8 Pagesearliest existing analysis of political questions from a philosophical perspective. Among some of Plato s most prevalent works is his dialogue the Symposium, which records the conversation of a dinner party at which Socrates (amongst others) is a guest. Those who talk before Socrates share a tendency to celebrate the instinct of sex and regard love (eros) as a god whose goodness and beauty they compete. However, Socrates sets himself apart from this belief in the fundamental value of sexual love andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Speech Praise Of Er os On Plato Symposium1785 Words   |  8 Pages Jose A. Nunez Introduction to Philosophy 1113 Professor Dr. Sarah Woolvine March 23rd, 2015. Tittle: Analysis of Speeches Given in Praise of Eros on Plato’ Symposium Among the ancient Greek philosophers, Plato was one of the greatest. Known for his remarkable philosophical works, Plato was born into a very prominent Athenian family, and he was expected to have a proliferous political career, but the political scene at that time made Plato devote himself instead to his philosophicalRead MoreSocratess Theory Of Love1818 Words   |  8 Pagesearliest existing analysis of political questions from a philosophical perspective. Among some of Plato s most prevalent works is his dialogue the Symposium, which records the conversation of a dinner party at which Socrates (amongst others) is a guest. Those who talk before Socrates share a tendency to celebrate the instinct of sex and regard love (eros) as a god whose goodness and beauty they compete (Naugle, 2016). However, Socrates sets himself apart from this belief in the fundamental value ofRead MoreThe Speech By Men Attending A Symposium Or A Drinking Party1458 Words   |  6 PagesAllyson Boubert Prof. Robert Grimwade November 12, 2016 Through the speeches by men, love is examined by men attending a symposium or a drinking party. The symposium has its main concerns with the beginning, the purpose and nature of affection and care. Therefore, love is the central theme in Plato’s dialogues in Symposium. The Symposium is a philosophical text written by Plato in approximately 386-370BC. It is a lively and entertaining book characterized by witty characterization which notRead MorePlato s Symposium : The Nature Of Love1320 Words   |  6 PagesPlato’s Symposium explores the nature of love through several different telling’s of what love is by philosophers of the time. The speeches of Socrates, Alcibiades, and Aristophanes are of main focus, as their similarities and differences help the reader to decide the truth of the nature of love. Throughout the Symposium, the accounts of love vary from speaker to speaker. The speech given by Socrates differentiates from the viewpoints of Alcibiades and Aristophanes, as well as all of the other speechesRead More Significance of Feet in Plato’s Symposium Essay examples1926 Words   |  8 PagesThe Significance of Feet in Plato’s Symposium Plato’s Symposium presents an account of the party given at the house of Agathon, where Socrates and Alcibiades are in attendance. The men at the party take turns eulogizing the god Eros. In Agathon’s eulogy, he describes Eros as a soft and tender being. When Socrates speaks, however, he makes a correction of his host’s account, by saying the soft and tender thing is the beloved, and not the lover, as Agathon would have it. When Alcibiades entersRead MoreEssay about A Modern Romantic’s View on Love1216 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscern the significance or concept of love for many centuries. Plato, for example, was one such philosopher who in his work the Symposium (which means â€Å"Drinking Party†) wrote about â€Å"Eros† – the term for sexual love in Greek. The Symposium was written approximately around 384 and 379 B.C.E., and follows five elite Athenian men as they pronounce their admiration of Eros while lounging on couches listeni ng to flute girls play in the distance. Each of the men has different backgrounds ranging from tragic

Financial Women Right in Islam

Question: Describe the financial women right in islam? Answer: In todays world, Muslim women are known to actively affirm their responsibilities and rights, nullifying any preconceived notions that portray Muslim women as being oppressed and repressed. The Holy Book, Quran, states that both men and women are obligated to practice same religious responsibilities and will be rewarded accordingly on their day of judgement. However, there is a notable difference in the circumstances for both men and women when discussing certain instances; these passages are being interpreted and studied by both men and women. For instance, as per the Islamic understanding of the Quran verses, Muslim men are considered responsible for financial supporting women. In other words, Islam provides women with a greater financial security when compared to men. For instance, married Muslim women are bound to be given marital gifts at the time of marriage along with keeping all the existing and future income properties for the purpose of their own security (Allen, 1999). Hence, she is not required to spend a single dime of her own income or property on the household i.e. she is entitled for complete financial support during her marriage Iddah i.e. the time period right after divorce, along with child support in case she has a child. It is important to note that, in reference to the Islamic Quran, since a family includes of genders, men and women, both the genders hold equal rights in the possession of the property. The following report sheds light on the financial rights of Muslim women as per the norms of the religion of Islam. The report compromises of a detailed account of the financial rights that Muslim women actively practice today, which they believe are offered to them by the Quran. The report below is subdivided into Muslim womens financial responsibility, financial rights of wives, provision of marital gifts and the Islamic law of inheritance. Right of Women in Inheritance During the ancient times, women of Islam were given no right to inherit any financial support from the generations above and even if they did, they were still treated as inferior to men. Women were not allowed to have their own legal independent personality and had no right to receive any form of financial support as inheritance (Ali, 1979). As per the ancient legal systems, even if the daughters, back then, received little inheritance, her child did not. Whereas, in the case of a son, the inheritance received was not only for the son himself but also for his children. Similarly, some other systems allowed women to inherit however not in the expected form of an appointed share; if the progenitor desired, he was allowed make a bequest, favouring the wife or daughter. Well, time has changed and the Islamic laws of inheritance have become free of all the defects and short-comings of the past. The Quran specifically mentions that the women of Islam are equally obligated to receive inheritance, irrespective of their status i.e. whether she is a mother, daughter, sister or wife (Ali, 1979).. As previously mentioned, a Muslim woman is guaranteed to have financial support at every stage of her life i.e. whether be it her role as a daughter, sister, wife or mother, until death. However, in order to balance out the additional advantages that are ensured for women by Islam, certain provisions were made that allow Muslim men to inherit twice as much as the Muslim women. In other words, women hold possessions over a share which is half of what men will receive from the progenitor. Islamic law of inheritance states that a husband is to receive twice of what the wife will, a brother will receive twice of what the sister will and a son will receive twice of what thedaughter will receive; there is an exception in the cases of fathers and mothers. The Islamic law states that if the parents of the deceased are alive, then they are obligated to receive one sixth of the property left behind (Allen, 1999).. In short, the males will inherit more than what the women will, however, considering the financial responsibilities of a Muslim man towards his family and household, this law can be said to be justified, especially when the Muslim women are under no obligation to spend a single penny of their inheritance for sustaining her family, household or even herself. Since the Muslim men are responsible for all females i.e. wife, mother, sisters, daughters etc. in his family, it is acceptable to allow them to inherit twice as much of what the Muslim women will inherit from th eir progenitors. Right of women to exercise financial behavior As mentioned earlier, a woman practicing Islam is not obligated to any financial responsibilities when it comes to maintaining and sustaining a family. In other words, no Muslim woman is required to financially support her household, even in case of possession of income property. Men practicing Islam i.e. the father or son or brother are required to provide their family with all the financial support necessary, thus, the responsibilities lies on their shoulders. This applies to both married and unmarried women; all the financial needs of a Muslim woman, before marriage, are to be fulfilled by her brother father. Once married, this becomes the duty or responsibility of her husband and her son (Ali, 1979). In addition to the above, it is important to note that a Muslim woman has the equal right on the sources of income and properties possessed by her husband. A working women in Islam, is by no means required to spend a single dime of her earnings; all the earnings she saves and makes, remain her property. It is her right to choose, whether if she wants to financially contribute for the well being of her household or not. It is important to note that, no matter how financially stable the women may be, it is her husbands duty or responsibility to provide his wife and family with basic boarding, lodging, clothing and fulfil other financial aspects. However, in cases where the husband is suffering from any disability or illness or unemployment, she may be required to use her earnings or savings so as to provide her family with all the necessities; note that women are not legally obligated to do this. Similarly, a woman is entitled for complete financial support during her marriage or in case of widowhood or divorce, during the waiting period (Abd Al-Ati, 1977). In context of divorce, women may require financial support of minimum of one year or until or unless they remarry within the year after divorce. Moreover, it would be true to say that a Muslim woman is guaranteed to have financial support at every stage of her life i.e. her role as a daughter, sister, wife or mother, until death. Right of women to own Property From this historical perspective, acknowledgement in the Quran states that womens right of owning property should be an important one because the position of women is strong according to the Holy text. During the Prophets period, women had all the right over their property. On general perspective, the law of Islam lets women to have, use and dispose their property but the detailing into the matter clearly states that on marriage, the women lose their right on property and it gets transferred to her husband. Women in Islam are reserved in nature and property ownership in limited space is not possible and so there are restrictions. Right of Women to own Dowry As previously mentioned, at the time of marriage, the bride is on the receiving end i.e. she is presented with marital gifts from the groom that no one but the bride has a control over. The proposal from the groom comprises of a marital gift, often regarded as Mahr. In Islam, no marriage solemnizes until the bride is offered with Mahr, making Mahr a compulsion. Though, there is no limit to what can or cannot be offered as a Mahr; Islam encourages provision of lower Mahr because it is believed that an inflated Mahr is more likely to burden the newly married couple and may result in starting their news lines with a negative imbalance or financial exhaustion. The sole purpose of Mahr is to ensure the bride with financial security for her future; remember, this marital gift will solely remain the property of the woman and that no family members of hers or the groom himself will posses any share or control over it (Mace 2001). Unlike other cultures, where the bride and her family are dumped on the financial responsibilities, Islam prohibits any form of direct or indirect demands of dowry. It is seen in certain cultures that the bride and her family are expected to compromise and are demanded of marital gits, making all the financial responsibilities fall onto the girls and her familys shoulder. However, Islam strictly discourages any such demands until or unless the bride or her family willingly offer the groom or his family with something of such type; indirect or direct forcing or demanding is strictly prohibited (Abd Al-Ati, 1977). This is solely to ensure the brides financial security along with her integrity; it is believed that the married life of the newlyweds should not begin on a negative note, ensuring their happiness. Right to property after marriage As a wife, a Muslim woman is entitled for equal possession of the properties owned by her husband and is bound to receive marital gifts at the time of marriage along with keeping all existing and future income properties to ensure self financial security. Thus, it can be said that Islam grants Muslim married women with an independent personality. At the time of marriage, the bride and her family are by no means obligated to present the groom or his family with any sort of marital gift. In fact, it is the groom who is required to offer the bride with a marriage proposal that comprises of a marital gift. It is important to recognise that this marital gift will solely remain the property of the woman and that no family members of hers or the groom himself will posses any share or control over it (Mace 2001). At the time of divorce, the bride may retain all her marital gifts presented to her at the time of marriage along with all her possessions and earnings that she saved during her marriage period. The husband has no right to control or have a share in any of the womens financial properties until or unless she, herself presents him with the offer (Ali, 1979). Additionally, as previously stated, as a working wife, the woman is not expected to contribute to the financial well being of her family i.e. as a working wife, she is by no means obligated to financially contribute for the sustainment of her household and family. All her earnings and savings will remain her property, until or unless she willingly decides to contribute and allows her husband to posses his control over or share her property. Again, no married women, no matter how rich or financially stable, is under the obligation of providing her family with any support; it is solely the responsibility and duty of her husband to fu lfil basic needs of boarding, logding, clothing, consumables and other aspects of household. A married Muslim woman can be said to retain her own family name and independent legal personanility. However, in certain countries, due to absence of the financial security measures mentioned in Islam or other reasons of survival, Muslim women may be required or forced to financially support their family and seek employment, due to circumstances that cause them to recognize their role as mothers. Right of Women in the certificate on the economic and financial transactions Additionally, an important difference that differentiates the Quran from other systems or faiths is their attitude towards inheritance of property by Muslim women in case of a deceased relative. Islam truly believes in providing all females with the right to inherit their determinate share, further abolishing any unjust customs. Similarly, Islam also critically takes into consideration the importance of dower and maintenance; according to Islam, both dower and maintenance are effective and essential when consolidating a marriage since they ensure coherence and harmony within the domestic family (Abd Al-Ati, 1977). Any abolition of dower and maintenance is likely to result in disintegration within the family structure. Also, it is believed that there is a possibility that it may push women towards prostitution. Thus, it is important to understand that the compulsion of dower and the maintenance has consequently reduced the Muslim womens share of inheritance; since the Muslim men are b urdened with this responsibility and the womens financial commitments have been reduced, this Islamic law of inheritance operates as a reimbursement that compensates men for the extra burden they are fraught with. In other words, a rational justification for the above would be that since the financial obligations and duties of a Muslim man exceed that of a Muslim woman, it becomes necessary for men to inherit twice as much as the women. One needs to take into account all the advantages ensured for women by Islam which include of receiving marital gifts and not having to spend any of their own earnings or properties for sustenance, so as to understand that Muslim men are simply being compensated for the extra burden that they are fraught with by letting them have twice as much of the inheritance as the women (Allen, 1999). Moreover, one needs to realize that Islam fervently encourages family life and discourages divorce; single life is a rare exception within the Islamic society and if one was to notice, most Muslim marriage-aged men and women are married. In light of the above, if would be highly appreciated that one recognizes the importance of the inheritance rules and realizes that these ar e simply meant to counteract the imbalance within the society so as to let a society sustain or survive time devoid of any class or gender wars. Conclusion Islam provides women with a greater financial security when compared to men. The Holy Book, Quran, states that both men and women are obligated to practice same religious responsibilities and will be rewarded accordingly on their day of judgement. However, as per the Islamic understanding of the Quran verses, Muslim men are considered responsible for financial supporting women. A woman practicing Islam is not obligated to any financial responsibilities when it comes to maintaining and sustaining a family; she can be said to retain her own family name and independent legal personanility (Ali, 1979).. Though, in certain countries, due to absence of the financial security measures mentioned in Islam or other reasons of survival, Muslim women may be required or forced to financially support their family and seek employment, due to circumstances that cause them to recognize their role as mothers. The Islamic law of Inheritance is of utmost importance when discussing the financial rights of a Muslim woman. Islamic laws of inheritance have become free of all the defects and short-comings of the past; the Quran specifically mentions that the women of Islam are equally obligated to receive inheritance, irrespective of their status i.e. whether she is a mother, daughter, sister or wife. Though, in order to balance out the additional advantages that are ensured for women by Islam, certain provisions were made that allow Muslim men to inherit twice as much as the Muslim women (Allen, 1999). In other words, women hold possessions over a share which is half of what men will receive from the progenitor. One should realize that Islam fervently encourages family life and discourages divorce; single life is a rare exception within the Islamic society. For this reason, inheritance rules are simply meant to counteract the imbalance within the society for reassuring sustenance of life. References Ali, Y.A., 1979. The Holy, Qur'an: Translation of verses is heavily based on A. Yusuf Ali's translation The Glorious Qur'an text translation, and Commentary, The American Trust Publication Abd Al-Ati., Hammudah., 1977. Islam in Focus, The American Trust Publications Allen, E. A., 1999. History of Civilization, General Publishing House, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mace., David., Vera., 2001. Marriage: East and West, Dolphin Books, Doubleday

Should The Supreme Court free essay sample

The Supreme Court’s power of judicial review should not be strictly limited by a constitutional amendment because the simple fact what if you do a judgment that they are not in the right of? If the judge is proved wrong then it will be appealed. For an example we the people shouldn’t be judged because what if one commits the same crime and does it intentionally such as killing someone and then someone does it to protect them and their family from harm if someone broke into their home and was coming at them and the only thing was to kill them to keep from getting their children or self harmed. The cons of this is that what if we are wanting a law passed and it gets rejected and we the voters can’t have any say of it. For example switching books in the schools for more modern technology like Ipads what if the children don’t understand the work very well and needs more studying time, they won’t be allowed to take them home. We will write a custom essay sample on Should The Supreme Court or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They should make the law of going back to older days when all the technology wasn’t out just books, pencils, and paper! The pros is that the Judicial branch can have the power to view the laws of the other two branches and has an important role playing of the check and balancing system. So when you sit down and think about it its like they are too many chiefs and not enough Indians. They are sometimes to many decisions and too many judges at one time.