Charles W. Chesnutt :: essays research papers

Charles W. Chesnutt In spite of the fact that conceived in Cleveland in 1858, the grandson of a white man and the child of free blacks, Charles W. Chesnutt experienced childhood in Fayetteville, North Carolina where his family, having left the South initially in 1856, returned after the Civil War. Chesnutt who had minimal proper training shown himself and furthermore got coaching from relatives. Chesnutt is known as one of the incomparable American author and short-story journalists of the late nineteenth century. Chesnutt lived a large portion of his youth in Fayetteville, NC where he worked low maintenance in a family market and went to a school established by the Freedmen's Bureau. By 14 he had distributed his first short story in a Fayetteville paper. "I figure I should compose a book It has been my treasured dream and I feel an impact that I can't avoid calling me to the task."(1) At 15 Charles dropped out of school to help his family. By the age of 16, he had come to Charlotte to show the city's dark schoolchildren and furthermore to help his family. He had an extreme hunger for information. When barely any instructive chances existed for dark Americans, he contemplated math, music, writing and dialects. He left Charlotte to accept a vocation as partner head of the State Ordinary School. By age 22, he was its head. "There's time enough, however none to spare."(1) Absence of chance to propel drove him to go to New York City to look for some kind of employment at Dow, Jones and Company and furthermore composes a money related news segment for the New York Mail and Express. Soon thereafter his child Edwin J. Chesnutt is conceived. In November, he leaves New York for Cleveland where he starts to work in the bookkeeping branch of Nickel Plate Railroad Company. While in Cleveland Chesnutt examined Law. While in Cleveland Chesnutt underpins his mom and father while supporting his own family. Chesnutt starts to compose for Family Fiction. While working at Nickel Plate Railroad Company and composing for Family Fiction he keeps on contemplating law. After a year, he breezes through the Ohio Bar Exam and joins the law workplaces of Henderson, Kline, and Tolles. Chesnutt distributed "The Goophered Grapevine" in the Atlantic Monthly turned into the main work composed by a dark creator. The accomplishment of "The Goophered Grapevine" drives him to distribute "Po’ Sandy" and "Dave’s neckliss" in the Atlantic Monthly. Chesnutt chooses to begin his own firm of Attorneys, transcribers,

How to Develop an Evangelistic Lifestyle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The most effective method to Develop an Evangelistic Lifestyle - Essay Example In this book, the writer uncovers how one may keep the conviction that Gospel can plainly and successfully convey the message with no legalism that turns beauty befuddling. Besides, with the assistance of this book, one can become familiar with his definitive confidence in Christ as a Savior. As it is accepted and gospel message that all the adherents to Christ are the agents and the envoys for Jesus having duty to proclaim His message to the whole world, in certainty the fallen word. Messenger Paul is a huge case of a cherishing and strong agent for Jesus. He approached with the message of collaboration and compromise to every one of the individuals who interact with him. He was the individual who truly did reliable evangelism for an amazing duration. On the other hand, the greater part of us can't end up being Apostle Paul. For some adherents of Jesus Christ, the activity of evangelism is something this may transform them into blame and dread. For the greater part of the adherents, it's anything but an upbeat encounter than what it ought to be. Albeit numerous devotees put in incredible endeavors to create evangelistic way of life and proclaiming the radiant gospel’s messages and yet some neglect to comprehend the earnestness of this otherworldly sustenance. In this way, Dr. Moyer calls attention to what should be possible to grow increasingly steadfast evangelistic endeavors. In the principal section, How to Develop an Evangelistic Lifestyle, Dr. ... Christ orders to his delegates â€Å"Go into the world and lecture the gospel to each creature.† This refrain just tells that evangelism requires genuine commitment and the acquiescence of God. Then again, as per Dr. Moyer, a few people pardon while spreading the message of gospel to their environmental factors which is totally conflicting in accomplishing evangelistic way of life. It is additionally introduced in the book that those people who present themselves totally to evangelism likewise offer themselves to supplications. They likewise demand God to offer them with mental fortitude to talk about Gospel. This invigorated them to comprehend that God can do this or He will without a doubt do that. Individual contact is likewise fundamental in creating evangelism. We may have contact with non-Christians in a social affair or in a casual conversation in regards to otherworldly things. Also, we ought not let trepidation and frenzy set in our manner. With the assistance of this underlying data set forward by Dr. Moyer, clearly evangelistic way of life consistently manages genuine duty and acquiescence. It additionally requests true endeavors and contributions as opposed to simply building up an insignificant expectation. It is an incredible method to carry lost people to the correct way of God. Close to these underlying subtleties introduced by Dr. Moyer, the second part of the book under title How to Turn a Conversation to Spiritual Things is undeniably all the more fascinating. As indicated by Dr. Moyer, discussing otherworldly things is nothing troublesome except for just to the individuals who are as of now intrigued. Along these lines, the inquiry is that how to manage those non-Christians who are not inspired by such subjects. How we can raise the subject of Spiritual things to conversation. How we can divert the subject of conversation from Golf to God, from mainstream to

Does Eating Bananas Improve Your Mood

Does Eating Bananas Improve Your Mood Depression Treatment Print Does Eating Bananas Improve Your Mood? By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 15, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Glowimages / Getty Images More in Depression Treatment Medication Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Types Childhood Depression Suicide Serotonin is a naturally-occurring neurotransmitter (a type of chemical that sends messages between neurons in the brain). The body can make serotonin on its own, but sometimes not in the amount we need to function optimally.   You’ve probably heard about serotonin levels in relation to depression, as one of serotonin’s most important functions is balancing mood. In addition, the chemical contributes to an overall feeling of well-being, which is why several antidepressant medications are designed to increase levels of serotonin in the brain.?? However, these medications aren’t the only source of serotonin. Many of the foods we eat naturally contain serotonin. Bananas are a prime example of nutritious food that may help promote the mood-boosting benefits of serotonin. It’s an appealing ideaâ€"but is it based in fact? The Chemistry of Depression Bananas: Serotonin Superfood? While bananas contain serotonin, having one for a snack won’t immediately lift your spirits. Unlike other forms, the serotonin found in bananas doesn’t cross the blood-brain barrier,?? which means it can’t get into the brain to supplement the serotonin thats naturally produced by the body. However, research indicates that bananas may play a more indirect role by shoring up the amount of serotonin the brain is able to produce.?? The body needs other nutrients to properly make and use serotonin, including vitamin B6,?? and bananas are an especially rich source of this vitamin.   If a diet inadequate in vitamin B6 is contributing to low levels of serotonin, dietary changes may helpâ€"but that doesn’t mean eating one banana a day will be enough to improve your mood. For adults (ages 19â€"50), the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of vitamin B6 is 1.3 milligrams (mg).?? A single medium banana has 0.4 mg (about 20% of the RDA). To get enough dietary vitamin B6 from bananas alone, you’d have to eat five a day (literally a whole bunch).   Bananas may not be a miracle mood-lifter, but that doesn’t mean they’re nutritionally worthless. For one, bananas are low in calories (on average around 105 calories) and contain virtually no fat.   According to the USDA, one medium banana (approximately 7 inches long) has around 3.1 grams of fiber, which is 12% of the recommended daily value.?? Bananas are also a rich source of potassium, an electrolyte that supports cells in nerves as well as the heart and other muscles. Having too little potassium in your diet can contribute to a number of health problems, including high blood pressure (hypertension).   Youll also get a decent dose of immune-supporting vitamin C from bananas; around 17% of your daily value.   Other Mood-Boosting Foods If you’re not a fan of bananas, there are plenty of other foods rich in serotonin and vitamin B6 you can choose from. For example, you can get vitamin B6 from several protein sources, including beef liver, yellowfin tuna, salmon, and chicken breast.??   Carbohydrate sources of vitamin B6 include fortified cereals and potatoes. A cup of boiled spuds has as much vitamin B6 as a medium-sized banana. Several B6-rich foods also contain serotonin, such as fish and poultry. Turkey also contains another key nutrient for mood: an amino acid called tryptophan.   Tryptophan is a precursor to serotonin produced in the brain (the body can’t make the neurotransmitter without it). Another important compound, 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), also uses tryptophan.??  If the body is making too little, 5-HTP can also be taken as a nutritional supplement. Research has shown that when paired with antidepressants, the supplement may be able to help ease symptoms of depression?? (however, additional research and clinical trials are needed to strengthen these claims??).   Can 5-HTP Treat Depression? Along with bananas, turkey, and chickpeas, there are many other foods that are natural sources of serotonin, as well as the other key nutrients the body needs to produce the neurotransmitter, such as:?? Oily, fatty fish (such as tuna and mackerel)  Nuts and seeds (especially walnuts and flaxseeds)Beans (such as kidney, pinto, and black beans)Fresh produce (such as leafy green vegetables like spinach or kale)Probiotic/fermented foods (such as kefir, yogurt, and tofu) While a nutritious and balanced diet is beneficial for your physical and mental health, there is no one “mood-lifting” food that can be “cure-all” for depression. Foods to Help Fight Depression A Word From Verywell Research shows that diet changes to support healthy bodily function and mood may be one aspect of a successful treatment plan for depression. As a result, you may decide to change how you eat to help you better manage your symptoms. However, it’s best to ensure you have the support of your doctor, as well as others such as a registered dietician and therapist, to ensure that all of your nutritional and mental health needs are being met.

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Italian Phrases to Use at the Train Station

You’ve been in Rome for a few days, and you’re ready to venture out of the city to somewhere with a slower pace, like Orvieto or Assisi—or perhaps you just want to see more of Italy and you’re heading out to places like Venezia, Milano, or Napoli. Wherever you want to go, Italy is well-connected by train, so it’s easy to get around without having to brave the streets in a rented car. Of course, you’ll run into inconveniences like gli scioperi or strikes when taking the train and it’s likely that there will be a delay, but overall the system works. To help you get around Italy, here are some phrases to use in train stations and on trains. Phrases for the Train Station Dov’à ¨ la stazione dei treni? - Where is the train station?Dove si comprano i biglietti? - Where can I buy tickets?Quanta costa il biglietto a Orvieto? - How much does the ticket to Orvieto cost?Un biglietto per (Venezia), per favore. - A ticket for (Venice), please.Vorrei comprare un biglietto per (Roma). - I would like to buy a ticket to (Rome). A train ticket can be†¦ ...di sola andata - one way ...(di) andata e ritorno - round-trip ...di prima classe - first class ...di seconda classe - second class A che ora passa l’ultimo treno? - What time does the last train come?Da quale binario parte il treno per (Orvieto)? - What platform does the train for (Orvieto) leave from?Dov’à ¨ il binario (otto)? - Where is platform (eight_?Quali sono le carrozze di prima classe? - Which cars are for first class? You might hear†¦ Il treno à ¨ in ritardo. - The train is late.C’à ¨ un ritardo di (cinque) minuti. - There is a 5-minute delay.Oggi c’à ¨ uno sciopero. - There is a strike today.Il treno numero (2757) à ¨ in partenza da binario nove. - Train number (2757) is leaving from platform nine.Il treno numero (981) à ¨ in arrivo a binario tre. - Train number (981) is in arrival at platform three.Ci scusiamo il disturbo. - We apologize for the disturbance. For all of the phrases above, it’s very useful to be able to say and understand the numbers. Phrases on the Train Quanto tempo ci vuole? - How long does the trip take?Qual à ¨ la prossima fermata? - What is the next stop?La prossima fermata à ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ - The next stop is†¦Ho l’Eurail pass. - I have a Eurail pass. While you’re on the train, it’s very likely that a person, called il controllore, will come by to check your tickets. Most likely, they’ll say something like, Buongiorno / Buonasera, biglietti? - Good afternoon / Good evening, tickets? You’ll simply show them your ticket—either ones that your printed from the Internet or the ones from the ticket counter. If you got your tickets from the counter, remember to validate them at any of the machines in the train station prior to boarding. If you don’t, you could be fined fifty or more euro. È questo il treno per...? - Is this the train for...?Questo treno va anche a (Firenze)? - Does this train also go to Florence? When you look at the boards with all of the arrivals (arrivi) and departures (partenze), you’ll notice that the only destination shown is the final one, so it’s more reliable to depend on the number of the train as opposed to the city that’s being shown. FUN FACT: There are three main types of trains: 1.) Fast trains - Frecciabianca (or Frecciarossa) / Italo 2.) Intercity - IC 3.) Local trains - Regionale/Regionale veloce TIP: Never buy a first-class ticket for local trains as the carriages are all the same and they’ll charge you more for first-class. You can check the timetable for the trains online at Trenitalia or Italo. You can also buy tickets at the ticketing office of the train station or at the self-service machines using both credit card and cash, although some machines may only take cards. If you are doing longer bouts of train travel, you may want to consider taking a high-speed train. If you do that, you can determine your carriage number and seat by looking at the bottom of the ticket. Finally, if you know you’ll be traveling a lot throughout Italy, you can save some money by buying a eurail pass.

The Development of Multi-Faceted Literacy in American Culture Free Essays

string(27) " their ideas into writing\." Though many theories have been formulated about literacy and how to apply proper education to it, few seem to grasp the fact that true literacy involves lots of different aspects. Though many educators have tried to put the term literacy into a strict definition, it is best understood as a complex educational aspect. Literacy combines elements of culture, both nation and international. We will write a custom essay sample on The Development of Multi-Faceted Literacy in American Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now It involves picking up essential skills that can be taught in the classroom, as well. In addition to all of that, it involves a person learning the advanced art of articulation. Speaking well, writing well, and understanding how to get a point across are three things that should be included in that discussion, as well. How a person understands literacy is dependent upon which of these theories that person accepts as being the standard. According to Dr. Robert Needlman, literacy needs to be understood in a broad sense, as it is very important to all other forms of learning. In a recent article on the matter, Needlman wrote, â€Å"Literacy is more than just being able to read and write. Literate children see reading as fun and exciting. They use reading to learn about a wide range of subjects, and they use writing to share their ideas† (Needlman). This means that teachers must learn to teach their students how to read and write at the most basic level, but that is rarely enough. True literacy can not be gained without a wide application of many different principles. One position that has become very popular among educators in recent years is one that employs a strategy of teaching students to communicate. Learning how to frame words in sentences and paragraphs is not enough in order to truly teach someone to be literate. In order to be literate, a person has to be able to take those words and put them into coherent thoughts. This position is probably the one that most closely represents what today’s educators should be aiming for when they frame curriculums for students. Skills based literacy is the building block from which all other things have to come. This is generally accepted by most educators out there. The problem is that some of these educators are not going beyond that. Though literacy starts with the basic skills, it certainly cannot stop there. It can only be effective if it is combined with a literacy program that teaches students cultural literacy and communications skills, as well. Teaching one without taking the time to teach the other is like teaching a person how to fish, giving them all of the equipment, and then forgetting to tell them where the pond is located. Though learning the actual skill of reading and writing is obviously an important part of the process, the cultural aspects are even more important. Especially in the United States, cultural literacy has not been nearly as much of a concern as other aspects of education. This is partly because teachers have been teaching with their eye on standardized tests and partly because no real value has been placed on cultural literacy. Now, the value and importance of both understanding how to read and write and understand how to put those things into context is being stressed more and more in schools and to America’s youth. Certain school districts have taken the initiative of instilling this sort of program within their curriculum for students. According to literature put out by the Poway Unified School District, cultural literacy is important to the development of students. Their website states, â€Å"The best lessons for cultural literacy come from the many students who sit in front of us each day in our classrooms. Their cultures, heritage, and stories formulate the most powerful cultural literacy curriculum† (Poway Unified School District). Elementary schools are not the only ones taking notice in this. College writing programs have implemented strategies as well to give their students a chance to become fully literate. Reed College, for example, has an entire writing program that is dedicated to teaching students the proper rules for communicating in their writing. This program not only focuses on writing, but it also teaches the value of things like drama and other liberal arts. Hampden-Sydney College is another college in the United States that has put an emphasis on this type of education. Their rhetoric program must be completed by all students who come through the school, whether those students are business majors or history majors. In the full context of a college liberal arts program, writing takes on a huge level of importance. Universities that offer these programs need to instill a writing intensive program across the board. This does not mean that just journalism or English students should have to concentrate on refining their skills. It means that in history courses, religion courses, philosophy courses, and other sorts of classes, a bunch of writing should be required. By incorporating writing into the curriculum of these other subjects, students will further learn how to communicate with their writing and they will become better at the other subjects, as well. Without an emphasis on writing, a liberal arts program is doomed to failure. Successful communication is a necessary aspect of these programs, as well. That cannot be gained without learning how to write critically, though. As E.D Hirsch is quick to point out, the English language lends itself to much interesting diction for writers. In his book, Hirsch wrote, â€Å"Literature in English excels in every kind of writing. Its particular glory is its poetry. For historical reasons, the English language acquired a vocabulary that is unusually rich and nuanced, combining words of Germanic root (such as see and glimpse) with words of Latin root (such as perceive and envision)† (Hirsch). There are quite a few different approaches to organizing a program such as this. Some colleges have started specific writing courses that teach students how to put their ideas into writing. You read "The Development of Multi-Faceted Literacy in American Culture" in category "Essay examples" More times than not, these classes are put into freshman year experience programs. These are the programs that teach students how to learn and how to be good college students. More times than not, these classes are taught alongside a study skills course. After all, most students are going to have to write multiple essays when they enter college and writing will be an essential part of their life. It only makes sense to preach the importance of writing from the very beginning of the college experience. This is not enough, though. In today’s world, being able to write and communicate is essentially important. Just about everything revolves around it, including the business world. According to the Educational Testing Service, which handles much of the student testing in the United States, the situation is extremely dire. They state, â€Å"As society becomes more technologically advanced, the quantity and types of written materials are growing. Adults are expected to use information from these materials in new and more complex ways and to maintain and enhance their literacy skills through lifelong learning activities. Literacy skills are critical not only for the personal achievement of individuals, but also for the social and economic development of each nation. These skills are no longer linked to a single threshold that separates the literate from the nonliterate† (Educational Testing Service). This quotation does much to state the overall importance of literacy in society and it also hammers home the point that literacy is becoming more important and more relevant, despite what some might think. In fact, it is dire, according to C.H. Knoblauch. In his Literacy and the Politics of Education, Knoblauch writes, â€Å"However, if literacy today is perceived as a compelling value, the reason lies not in such self-interested justifications but in its continuing association with forms of social reality that depend on its primacy† (Knoblauch). In addition to that, there is sentiment from other literary sources about the American situation. The Formation of National Cultures states, â€Å"In America, the reality is that we have not yet properly achieved monoliteracy, much less multiliteracy† (Foundation of National Cultures). This means that the United States still has to work on both the simple parts of literacy, as well as the more advanced aspects. One of the staples of any liberal arts program is a good history department. History courses are interesting because of the fact that they incorporate many different aspects of reading, writing, critical thinking, and lots of other skills. Students are not only forced to write and read critically, but they are often forced to do these things in a cultural sense. History courses not only teach what happened and when it happened, but they study cultural trends. Writing and reading have to be a huge part of any history course. Framing a history course with an eye on literacy is easy. In fact, it would be very difficult to even consider teaching any sort of history class without the inclusion of these things. As far as the actual setup of a course is concerned, it would not be all that difficult to integrate. The course would need a strong textbook, which must be read each and every night. In addition to that, the instructor of the course would teach the class in a lecture/discussion format, where students have to get used to both critical listening and critical communication. During each class period, students would have to listen to an instructor and take notes on what that professor is saying. This is one way to not only teach students the art of writing, but it also teaches students to think about the most important things that they are hearing. From that, they will react to that knowledge. The course would not be taught with only lectures, though. There would obviously be some grading that would be required. Writing would be integrated into the course in both essays and in tests. For the essays, students would be required to submit a number of them, depending upon length. This would give students a chance to not only explore the liberal arts staple of history, but it would also make them learn how to express themselves in a logical way. Essays would require proper writing skills, as well as good organization and good understanding of the material at hand. This would be an appropriate test of the knowledge and a good way to further integrate literary skills into the course. When it came time to give the test, writing would be on that, as well. Some part of the test would include an essay, where students would have to prepare a concise thought without too much time to research the issue. By doing these things, writing, reading, and critical communication could take their rightful place of importance in the liberal arts field. Without them, the courses would be naked and barren. By including writing and reading in liberal arts programs, a university would not be precluded from also offering advanced writing courses. Traditional definitions of literacy have come up with the conclusion that it is actually a skill that must be learned and mastered. Though the cultural literacy idea has become much more popular in recent years, the idea of literacy being a skill has still not been lost. With the right amount of instruction, students can learn how to both read and write at a very high level. Like with other subjects in a curriculum, writing programs must take the opportunity to teach both the basics and the advanced aspects of writing and reading. Colleges would be well advised to offer a literacy major or minor within their course catalog. With this program, the university could offer tens of classes on writing and reading. Everything from critical writing to business writing could be offered within this major. With that knowledge, a student would be able to go on to many different careers, since it has been established that writing and reading is such a large part of the business culture today. As long as literacy is a skill, it is something that must be harnessed and taught in universities and in lower levels of schools, as well. Elementary, middle, and high schools would be smart to adopt similar programs, which would further prepare students for the rigors of college literacy programs. In short, this would take a concerted effort at every level of academia if it is going to be successful. This is something that Allan Bloom takes very seriously in his book, The Closing of the American Mind. In there, Bloom writes, â€Å"I used to think that young Americans began whatever education they were to get at the age of eighteen, that their early lives were spiritually empty and they arrived at the university clean slate unaware of their deeper selves and the world beyond their superficial experience† (Bloom). The need for education at early levels is of the utmost importance to people like Bloom. No matter what definition of literacy a person subscribes to, the fact remains that it is a very important part of education that must be addressed. At current standing, schools are not doing nearly enough to teach the skills and to instill the type of cultural knowledge that is essential in order to truly communicate. Literacy is far more complicated than many educators have been willing to give it credit for. The first step to truly teaching literacy in a correct way is to understand that it is a changing thing. According to the folks at the Perkins School for the Blind, literacy includes many different aspects that must be accounted for. Their website reads, â€Å"The development of literacy is founded upon our experiences – beginning with birth – and our interactions with the world and those around us. Over time, these experiences enable us to develop the ability to connect meaning to words and letters. First, though, the path to literacy requires establishing communication and connecting meaning to objects, events and people in our world† (Perkins School for the Blind). This means that literacy is constantly being learned by everyone, each and every day. With this sort of knowledge in hand, it is easy to conclude that literacy must be included in every aspect of education. When talking about a classic liberal arts education, this is especially true. No matter if the skills-based literacy interpretation is correct or the other interpretations are correct, one must concede that all aspects of the idea should be considered. When shaping the plan for literacy training within a liberal arts program, lots of things must be considered. Luckily for those people who frame curriculums,   many liberal arts classes already require many pieces of literacy to be included to begin with. From critical writing to reading to other forms of communication, literacy will always be a part of history, philosophy, English, and the other subjects within liberal arts. With that in mind, the key is to highlight those skills and make sure that students are given an opportunity to enhance them. Works Cited Bloom, Allan. Closing of the American Mind. Educational Training Service. What is Literacy? http://www.nocheating.org/portal/site/ets/menuitem.c988ba0e5dd572bada20bc47c3921509/?vgnextoid=2a8eaf5e44df4010VgnVCM10000022f95190RCRDvgnextchannel=6773e3b5f64f4010VgnVCM10000022f95190RCRD Hirsch, E.D. Cultural Literacy. Knoblauch, C.H. Literacy and the Politics of Education. Perkins School for the Blind. Perkins Panda Early Literacy Kit. http://www.perkins.org/literacy/panda/ Poway Unified School District. Cultural Literacy. http://www.powayusd.com/projects/edtechcentralnew/culturallit.htm â€Å"Formation of National Cultures† Needlman, Robert. What is Literacy? http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5133,00.html          How to cite The Development of Multi-Faceted Literacy in American Culture, Essay examples

The Development of Multi-Faceted Literacy in American Culture Free Essays

string(27) " their ideas into writing\." Though many theories have been formulated about literacy and how to apply proper education to it, few seem to grasp the fact that true literacy involves lots of different aspects. Though many educators have tried to put the term literacy into a strict definition, it is best understood as a complex educational aspect. Literacy combines elements of culture, both nation and international. We will write a custom essay sample on The Development of Multi-Faceted Literacy in American Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now It involves picking up essential skills that can be taught in the classroom, as well. In addition to all of that, it involves a person learning the advanced art of articulation. Speaking well, writing well, and understanding how to get a point across are three things that should be included in that discussion, as well. How a person understands literacy is dependent upon which of these theories that person accepts as being the standard. According to Dr. Robert Needlman, literacy needs to be understood in a broad sense, as it is very important to all other forms of learning. In a recent article on the matter, Needlman wrote, â€Å"Literacy is more than just being able to read and write. Literate children see reading as fun and exciting. They use reading to learn about a wide range of subjects, and they use writing to share their ideas† (Needlman). This means that teachers must learn to teach their students how to read and write at the most basic level, but that is rarely enough. True literacy can not be gained without a wide application of many different principles. One position that has become very popular among educators in recent years is one that employs a strategy of teaching students to communicate. Learning how to frame words in sentences and paragraphs is not enough in order to truly teach someone to be literate. In order to be literate, a person has to be able to take those words and put them into coherent thoughts. This position is probably the one that most closely represents what today’s educators should be aiming for when they frame curriculums for students. Skills based literacy is the building block from which all other things have to come. This is generally accepted by most educators out there. The problem is that some of these educators are not going beyond that. Though literacy starts with the basic skills, it certainly cannot stop there. It can only be effective if it is combined with a literacy program that teaches students cultural literacy and communications skills, as well. Teaching one without taking the time to teach the other is like teaching a person how to fish, giving them all of the equipment, and then forgetting to tell them where the pond is located. Though learning the actual skill of reading and writing is obviously an important part of the process, the cultural aspects are even more important. Especially in the United States, cultural literacy has not been nearly as much of a concern as other aspects of education. This is partly because teachers have been teaching with their eye on standardized tests and partly because no real value has been placed on cultural literacy. Now, the value and importance of both understanding how to read and write and understand how to put those things into context is being stressed more and more in schools and to America’s youth. Certain school districts have taken the initiative of instilling this sort of program within their curriculum for students. According to literature put out by the Poway Unified School District, cultural literacy is important to the development of students. Their website states, â€Å"The best lessons for cultural literacy come from the many students who sit in front of us each day in our classrooms. Their cultures, heritage, and stories formulate the most powerful cultural literacy curriculum† (Poway Unified School District). Elementary schools are not the only ones taking notice in this. College writing programs have implemented strategies as well to give their students a chance to become fully literate. Reed College, for example, has an entire writing program that is dedicated to teaching students the proper rules for communicating in their writing. This program not only focuses on writing, but it also teaches the value of things like drama and other liberal arts. Hampden-Sydney College is another college in the United States that has put an emphasis on this type of education. Their rhetoric program must be completed by all students who come through the school, whether those students are business majors or history majors. In the full context of a college liberal arts program, writing takes on a huge level of importance. Universities that offer these programs need to instill a writing intensive program across the board. This does not mean that just journalism or English students should have to concentrate on refining their skills. It means that in history courses, religion courses, philosophy courses, and other sorts of classes, a bunch of writing should be required. By incorporating writing into the curriculum of these other subjects, students will further learn how to communicate with their writing and they will become better at the other subjects, as well. Without an emphasis on writing, a liberal arts program is doomed to failure. Successful communication is a necessary aspect of these programs, as well. That cannot be gained without learning how to write critically, though. As E.D Hirsch is quick to point out, the English language lends itself to much interesting diction for writers. In his book, Hirsch wrote, â€Å"Literature in English excels in every kind of writing. Its particular glory is its poetry. For historical reasons, the English language acquired a vocabulary that is unusually rich and nuanced, combining words of Germanic root (such as see and glimpse) with words of Latin root (such as perceive and envision)† (Hirsch). There are quite a few different approaches to organizing a program such as this. Some colleges have started specific writing courses that teach students how to put their ideas into writing. You read "The Development of Multi-Faceted Literacy in American Culture" in category "Essay examples" More times than not, these classes are put into freshman year experience programs. These are the programs that teach students how to learn and how to be good college students. More times than not, these classes are taught alongside a study skills course. After all, most students are going to have to write multiple essays when they enter college and writing will be an essential part of their life. It only makes sense to preach the importance of writing from the very beginning of the college experience. This is not enough, though. In today’s world, being able to write and communicate is essentially important. Just about everything revolves around it, including the business world. According to the Educational Testing Service, which handles much of the student testing in the United States, the situation is extremely dire. They state, â€Å"As society becomes more technologically advanced, the quantity and types of written materials are growing. Adults are expected to use information from these materials in new and more complex ways and to maintain and enhance their literacy skills through lifelong learning activities. Literacy skills are critical not only for the personal achievement of individuals, but also for the social and economic development of each nation. These skills are no longer linked to a single threshold that separates the literate from the nonliterate† (Educational Testing Service). This quotation does much to state the overall importance of literacy in society and it also hammers home the point that literacy is becoming more important and more relevant, despite what some might think. In fact, it is dire, according to C.H. Knoblauch. In his Literacy and the Politics of Education, Knoblauch writes, â€Å"However, if literacy today is perceived as a compelling value, the reason lies not in such self-interested justifications but in its continuing association with forms of social reality that depend on its primacy† (Knoblauch). In addition to that, there is sentiment from other literary sources about the American situation. The Formation of National Cultures states, â€Å"In America, the reality is that we have not yet properly achieved monoliteracy, much less multiliteracy† (Foundation of National Cultures). This means that the United States still has to work on both the simple parts of literacy, as well as the more advanced aspects. One of the staples of any liberal arts program is a good history department. History courses are interesting because of the fact that they incorporate many different aspects of reading, writing, critical thinking, and lots of other skills. Students are not only forced to write and read critically, but they are often forced to do these things in a cultural sense. History courses not only teach what happened and when it happened, but they study cultural trends. Writing and reading have to be a huge part of any history course. Framing a history course with an eye on literacy is easy. In fact, it would be very difficult to even consider teaching any sort of history class without the inclusion of these things. As far as the actual setup of a course is concerned, it would not be all that difficult to integrate. The course would need a strong textbook, which must be read each and every night. In addition to that, the instructor of the course would teach the class in a lecture/discussion format, where students have to get used to both critical listening and critical communication. During each class period, students would have to listen to an instructor and take notes on what that professor is saying. This is one way to not only teach students the art of writing, but it also teaches students to think about the most important things that they are hearing. From that, they will react to that knowledge. The course would not be taught with only lectures, though. There would obviously be some grading that would be required. Writing would be integrated into the course in both essays and in tests. For the essays, students would be required to submit a number of them, depending upon length. This would give students a chance to not only explore the liberal arts staple of history, but it would also make them learn how to express themselves in a logical way. Essays would require proper writing skills, as well as good organization and good understanding of the material at hand. This would be an appropriate test of the knowledge and a good way to further integrate literary skills into the course. When it came time to give the test, writing would be on that, as well. Some part of the test would include an essay, where students would have to prepare a concise thought without too much time to research the issue. By doing these things, writing, reading, and critical communication could take their rightful place of importance in the liberal arts field. Without them, the courses would be naked and barren. By including writing and reading in liberal arts programs, a university would not be precluded from also offering advanced writing courses. Traditional definitions of literacy have come up with the conclusion that it is actually a skill that must be learned and mastered. Though the cultural literacy idea has become much more popular in recent years, the idea of literacy being a skill has still not been lost. With the right amount of instruction, students can learn how to both read and write at a very high level. Like with other subjects in a curriculum, writing programs must take the opportunity to teach both the basics and the advanced aspects of writing and reading. Colleges would be well advised to offer a literacy major or minor within their course catalog. With this program, the university could offer tens of classes on writing and reading. Everything from critical writing to business writing could be offered within this major. With that knowledge, a student would be able to go on to many different careers, since it has been established that writing and reading is such a large part of the business culture today. As long as literacy is a skill, it is something that must be harnessed and taught in universities and in lower levels of schools, as well. Elementary, middle, and high schools would be smart to adopt similar programs, which would further prepare students for the rigors of college literacy programs. In short, this would take a concerted effort at every level of academia if it is going to be successful. This is something that Allan Bloom takes very seriously in his book, The Closing of the American Mind. In there, Bloom writes, â€Å"I used to think that young Americans began whatever education they were to get at the age of eighteen, that their early lives were spiritually empty and they arrived at the university clean slate unaware of their deeper selves and the world beyond their superficial experience† (Bloom). The need for education at early levels is of the utmost importance to people like Bloom. No matter what definition of literacy a person subscribes to, the fact remains that it is a very important part of education that must be addressed. At current standing, schools are not doing nearly enough to teach the skills and to instill the type of cultural knowledge that is essential in order to truly communicate. Literacy is far more complicated than many educators have been willing to give it credit for. The first step to truly teaching literacy in a correct way is to understand that it is a changing thing. According to the folks at the Perkins School for the Blind, literacy includes many different aspects that must be accounted for. Their website reads, â€Å"The development of literacy is founded upon our experiences – beginning with birth – and our interactions with the world and those around us. Over time, these experiences enable us to develop the ability to connect meaning to words and letters. First, though, the path to literacy requires establishing communication and connecting meaning to objects, events and people in our world† (Perkins School for the Blind). This means that literacy is constantly being learned by everyone, each and every day. With this sort of knowledge in hand, it is easy to conclude that literacy must be included in every aspect of education. When talking about a classic liberal arts education, this is especially true. No matter if the skills-based literacy interpretation is correct or the other interpretations are correct, one must concede that all aspects of the idea should be considered. When shaping the plan for literacy training within a liberal arts program, lots of things must be considered. Luckily for those people who frame curriculums,   many liberal arts classes already require many pieces of literacy to be included to begin with. From critical writing to reading to other forms of communication, literacy will always be a part of history, philosophy, English, and the other subjects within liberal arts. With that in mind, the key is to highlight those skills and make sure that students are given an opportunity to enhance them. Works Cited Bloom, Allan. Closing of the American Mind. Educational Training Service. What is Literacy? http://www.nocheating.org/portal/site/ets/menuitem.c988ba0e5dd572bada20bc47c3921509/?vgnextoid=2a8eaf5e44df4010VgnVCM10000022f95190RCRDvgnextchannel=6773e3b5f64f4010VgnVCM10000022f95190RCRD Hirsch, E.D. Cultural Literacy. Knoblauch, C.H. Literacy and the Politics of Education. Perkins School for the Blind. Perkins Panda Early Literacy Kit. http://www.perkins.org/literacy/panda/ Poway Unified School District. Cultural Literacy. http://www.powayusd.com/projects/edtechcentralnew/culturallit.htm â€Å"Formation of National Cultures† Needlman, Robert. What is Literacy? http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5133,00.html          How to cite The Development of Multi-Faceted Literacy in American Culture, Essay examples

Case Study of Airline Information System

Question: Describe about the Case Study of Airline Information System. Answer: Introduction The aim of this assessment report is to analyze the overall functionality of a selected case study of Airline Information System. The case study is about XYZ, as an Australian Airline organization that provides suitable services throughout the airline operations with freight transportation, food production, and daily support operations. Case study depicts the primary components of the system as Flight Reservation System and Travel Service Reservation System (Ling et al., 2015, p. 150). However, in order to direct these two systems, the human resource management system is to be attached. This assessment considers Software Development Life Cycle for considering the overall system functionality. As per the HRM system, it demonstrates the resources required and a former feasibility report is added for identifying the risks along with outcomes. Analysis of Functionality Analysis of the functionality is considered with following steps of SDLC in terms of assessing the flight information system of XYZ organization (Dudek, 2015, p. 40). The system is segmented into flight reservation system and travel service reservation system. Flight Reservation System: There are two types of customers as ordinary and frequent customers. Ordinary customers are rare for availing reservation, and frequent customers are more consistent member in this system. Therefore, as per SDLC consideration, the system is to be designed with planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support procedures (Wasson, 2015, p. 544). The functionality is quite utilized with suitable planning. However, the analysis should be considered as normal customer and premium level upgrade with additional discounts over flight reservation. In this design process, there must one entity as normal customer reservation that can be incorporated with general service of booking, travel date fixing, and payment process. When the customer upgrades as Premium, the additional features are added as discounts, frequent promotion packs and online ticket in-voice generation (Mauri, 2016, p. 262). In this manner, the implementation process should be effective with single object inheritance under the main booking process class. The support and maintenance would be better managed with only upgrading the service levels in suitable aspects as changing discount rates and ranges as wel l. Travel Service Reservation System: This system is identical with booking system process as well showing better car hiring, hotel booking, and travel packages available. The travel packages are managed under two different profiles as normal customer and premium customer. Therefore, the single object inheritance is suitable in this class with major changes in one object package (Robinson et al., 2016, p. 256). The service reservation system should be identified as under normal or premium customers along with unique ID mechanism. The unique should be generated along with frequent booking process. In order to identify the customer booking nature, the ID generation will be appropriate with sustained features of promotion packages in booking. Car hiring process should have information as car description, pickup and drop off locations. Hotel booking should be maintained with hotel description, suite name, room number and details. Resources Required The resources that are required to manage the overall system operation is identified under three sections (Button, 2015, p. 24). The sections are for Flight Reservation System, Travel Service Reservation System, and HRM management. The resources required are listed as following: System Segments Resources and Types Personnel types Flight Reservation System Resources Human resources Operation Manager, Financial Management team, Payment Department team, Sales and Marketing Department team Hardware resources Individual Personal Computers, Network devices (as switches, routers, wireless devices and others) for internal communication in between departments, servers Software resources Windows operating systems, Microsoft office package, web browser, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software as NetSuite, RackSpace dedicated server software Travel Service Reservation System Resources Human resources Service Manager, Accounting team, Payment Department team, Marketing Department team Hardware resources Personal computers, Network devices internally connected between departments, and servers Software resources NetSuite or MYOB ERP package, Windows operating system, RackSpace dedicated server software, web browsers HRM Resources Human resources Recruiters, Resource manager, executives, and Trainers Hardware resources Personal computers, Network devices, and training equipments Software resources Windows operating system, Microsoft office packages, web browsers Table 1: Resources required for Airline Information System Broad Feasibility of the Project The feasibility analysis of the project required to understand three types of feasibility as economic, operational and technical. Feasibility studies are considered as following: Economic feasibility: The economic feasibility of the project shows that the project is possible with implementation under cost and expenditure management (Katterasila, Kanuganti Gaddam, 2015, p. 145). The economic feasibility analysis is essential for cost and benefit analysis. The economic feasibility report is undertaken with tangible and in-tangible benefit analysis. If the Return on Investment is more than one, then the project is considered as economically feasible. Operational feasibility: Operational feasibility analysis is essential for working under suitable operation and management work under suitable guidelines. The operational process included proper human resources in suitable format for management. The resources are identified in sections of Flight Reservation System, Travel Service Reservation System, and HRM practices (Lachmann, 2015, p. 39). Now, the primary consideration should be portrayed on hiring such personnel in the organization. Therefore, the personnel are to be managed with a proper payroll system for maintaining the economic balance. Technical feasibility: The technical feasibility analysis is accounted with certain technical setup for the organization. Technical configuration is addressed such as network device connection, individual computer setup with Enterprise Resource Planning software installation. The technical feasibility is identified with ERP solution package installation for faster report generation and individual sustainability report generation (Narkus-Kramer et al., 2016, p. 3302). The report generally shows and includes the detailed employee work and performance assessment. Proposed Outcomes of the Project The proposed outcomes of the project are included in this assessment with conveying their importance as well (Wang, 2016, p. 1605). The outcomes are included within three sections as mentioned in prior sections. System Segments Outcomes Types Specific Outcomes Flight Reservation System Resources System generated booking information Booking confirmation mail (for ordinary customers) and Booking ticket in-voice (for royal member) System generated reservation information Reservation ticket information such as booking date, journey details, fly date, instruction on no-fly list (for normal customer) and Reservation ticket with discounts (for royal member) Travel Service Reservation System Resources Service Reservation system generated report Car hiring in-voice report, hotel booking in-voice reports, and maintenance facility reports (for ordinary customers and royal members) HRM Resources Resource management for benefit estimation Benefit report with optimal cost estimation Payroll system management ERP solution and generated report Recruiting and training Maintained excel datasheets for training requirements and assessment of individual employees Performance appraisal Performance appraisal for individual persons with effective process Accounting system Accounting and financial reports after a fiscal period Table 2: Outcomes of the Project Conclusion Selected case study in this assessment report depicts the primary components of the system as Flight Reservation System and Travel Service Reservation System. The system segments, resources types, and personnel types are included for identifying the resources in the project. In Travel Service Reservation System Resources, there must be human resources as Service Manager, Accounting team, Payment Department team, Marketing Department team. In case of HRM Resources, there will be Recruiters, Resource manager, executives, and Trainers. The software resources will be Windows operating system, Microsoft office packages, and web browsers. Again, for outcomes identification, the system segments, outcomes type, and specific outcomes are addressed as well. The Flight Reservation System Resources have system generated booking information including the booking confirmation mail (for ordinary customers) and Booking ticket in-voice (for royal member). The Travel Service Reservation System Resourc es includes the Service Reservation system generated reports such as Car hiring in-voice report, hotel booking in-voice reports, and maintenance facility reports (for ordinary customers and royal members). References Button, K. (2015). A Book, the Application, and the Outcomes: How Right Was Alfred Kahn in The Economics of Regulation about the Effects of the Deregulation of the US Domestic Airline Market?.History of Political Economy,47(1), 1-39. Dudek, E. (2015). Functional analysis of a selected airports system.Journal of KONBiN,35(1), 35-42. Katterasila, B. C., Kanuganti, S. K., Gaddam, S. (2015). Online Enquiry System for Transportation, 125-167. Lachmann, M. (2015). Strategic Analysis of Lufthansa's Introduction of Eurowings, 23-46. Ling, L., Dong, Y., Guo, X., Liang, L. (2015). Availability management of hotel rooms under cooperation with online travel agencies.International Journal of Hospitality Management,50, 145-152. Mauri, A. G. (2016). Pricing and revenue management in hotel chains.The Routledge Handbook of Hotel Chain Management, 262. Narkus-Kramer, M., Tejeda, J., Trajkov, S., Hemm, R., Creedon, J., Ballard, D. (2016). Net Present Value, Trade-space, and Feasibility of On-Demand Aircraft. In16th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference(p. 3302). Robinson, P., Fallon, P., Cameron, H., Crotts, J. C. (Eds.). (2016).Operations management in the travel industry. CABI, 255-267. Wang, Y. (2016).Revenue Sharing in Airline Alliance Networks(No. 1605). Wasson, C. S. (2015).System Engineering Analysis, Design, and Development: Concepts, Principles, and Practices. John Wiley Sons.

The Financial Crisis Causes Moral Hazard and Adverse Selection

Chronology in Death of a Salesman †English Essay (100 Level Course)

Chronology in Death of a Salesman – English Essay (100 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Chronology in Death of a Salesman English Essay (100 Level Course) Arthur Miller uses irregular chronological sequencing to convey themes to the reader effectively. Strategically placed flashbacks help to explain what Willy is feeling and why he is struggling in life now. These flashbacks give the reader insight to the past that has caused his troubled present. In addition, they serve to illustrate Willy’s mental breakdown caused by a hard-fought life. Willy expresses his idea of the â€Å"American Dream† throughout the play. His idea is that success will magically descend upon those who wait for it. In other words, success is not measured by hard work and perseverance and you cannot earn it, it has to find you and decide that â€Å"it† will make you successful. Willy displays this to Biff his entire life and now Biff cannot work for anyone. Biff tells this to Willy at the end of the play. The reader sees Willy have flashbacks earlier in the book to when Biff was still a quarterback for his school. He fills Biff’s head with fantasies about being well liked and successful, but ignores the fact presented by Bernard that Biff is failing math and could possibly not graduate because of it. Yet, Willy even goes so far as to convince him not to go to summer school after he fails math. The flashback to the time this occurs aids the reader in being able to understand why Biff is unsuccessful now. Without it, on e might speculate and perceive the problem differently, being caused by different reasons. The sequencing is integral to the storyline because it shows the reader why a problem is happening the way it is after the problem is identified. Another way that flashbacks assist the reader is the way they tell the prequel to the story during the actual storyline. These flashbacks are broken up and dispersed throughout the play and make their appearances at their respective times. This helps to show major themes of the play by giving better explanation to the messages be given to the reader by way of the problems and situations facing the characters. For example, Willy’s flashback of Ben’s visit and the constant visions of him show that Willy’s own flashbacks serve to reinforce his distorted view of how to be successful and live life. Many times when he was in doubt, he imagined Ben telling him of how he walked into the jungle and walked back out a rich man. Willy convinced himself that this would happen to him if he were patient enough. This caused Willy to ignore reality and try to live out a fantasy in the unforgiving real world. In all, putting the background in with the storyline helped to sh ow more effectively how and why the many problems presented in the book occurred. Research Papers on Chronology in Death of a Salesman - English Essay (100 Level Course)Mind TravelThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHip-Hop is ArtHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Capital PunishmentThe Masque of the Red Death Room meanings19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

The Influence of Using YouTube to Improve English for EFL Students Essay

The Influence of Using YouTube to Improve English for EFL Students - Essay Example According to the paper access to great positions and attractive pay rates requires English capability to communicate. In countries where English is not, the first or main language used there has been a growth in teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Due to this worldwide demand, there has been a growth in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) in countries where English is not first or main language. Therefore, the education system in Saudi Arabia is containing English as one of the most significant majors nowadays. This study highlights even though the government through its Ministry of Education has outlined the objectives of the English language, the goal is yet to be achieved. The ministry aims to ensure improvement in students’ listening, reading, writing and speaking skills abilities. Furthermore, the ministry endeavours to assist students acquire the necessary linguistic competences relating to life. However, these and other objectives encounter challenges as the one stated above. The ministry’s goal is to equip and develop development skills to the students rather than just the role learning. In essence, EFL implies that the English language is not viewed as a primary language, and that the locals have their first language. In these cases, countries tend to use their first language even in the learning, meaning students seldom perform well in English-related tasks, including speaking and writing. When learners become less acquainted with the English language, the end-result is that their competitive advantage especially in the international affairs is adversely affected. Surprisingly, some countries use the first language in the education sector up to university level.  

Film as art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film as art - Essay Example The twist in the story comes when Sean realizes that he could not be the reincarnation of Anna’s husband since he had loved another woman while he was in his previous life. Anna and Sean stop seeing each other, though they continued to write letters on occasion. Anna married Joseph, finally obtaining the closure that she desperately needed. The film opens with a black screen and a voice over of adult Sean explaining his disbelief in the concept of reincarnation. Despite this, he makes it known that if Anna died and were to come back as a bird, he would be accepting of it and continue to live with her. The scene that follows is a continuous long shot of Sean running through bleak and wintry Central Park. Sean’s face is never revealed to us, making him an abstract character regardless of his importance to the story. This lack of identity begins the mystery of who Sean really is. Nothing else is revealed about Sean except that he dies from a heart attack while jogging. Imm ediately after Sean’s death, the shot cuts abruptly to a clip of a baby being born, emerging from the water of a birthing tub. The following scene, after script reads Ten years later, Anna is shown standing at the grave of her late husband. The quick scene jumps reveal how all three events - Sean’s death, the baby’s birth, and Anna paying respect to her husband - are closely related to one another (Ebert, 2004). The shots, though clearly different from one another, are shown so quickly that they could have easily been one in the same, revealing the same message -- the never-ending cycle of life and death. Grazer uses only a few different camera angles and shots in the film, but his decision on what angles and shots to use and when helps to show the torment that Anna is experiencing as she continues to suffer from her husband’s death and as she tries to come to terms with the presence of young Sean. For example, the sex scene between Anna and Joseph begins as a medium close-up, but the slowly camera pulls back into a long shot as Anna discusses young Sean’s pleas for Anna not to marry Joseph. This sudden distance shows how far apart from Joseph that Anna is, even though they could not be any closer to one another. The physical distance between the camera and the couple reveals the mental and emotional distance that Anna is from Joseph. Another intense camera shot is the continuous close-up of Anna while she is at the orchestra. The music, similar to what is heard throughout the rest of the movie, picks up with intensity the longer that the camera rests on Anna, displaying the emotional changes that she goes through in the elongated scene. Anna’s features â€Å"run the full gamut of traumatized emotions, from barely suppressed terror, through claustrophobic anxiety, to heartbreaking acceptance (Kermode 45).† This is when Anna fully comes to accept that young Sean is who he claims to be. Grazer also plays on the me aning of color in the movie, implementing green in many scenes. The walls of Anna’s apartment kitchen are green, as are Sean’s sweatshirt, the blanket he uses while staying overnight at Anna’s, and the couch. The color green represents balance, life, and wellbeing (Ascher & Pincus 122), which are three important aspects seen constantly in the film. Green appears with Anna and Sean, separately, but also when they

Examining Models of Reflection on Leadership and Management

Examining Models of Reflection on Leadership and Management The final test of a leader is that he (sic) leaves behind him in other men the conviction and the will to carry on. [Lippmann , 1945] The quote from Walter Lippmann above highlights a major part of what a leadership entails. The ability to inspire others to carry on with work once we have moved on or are not there to lead ourselves is a skill that many of us have to work hard to acquire. Being a leader is not as easy as it sounds. Sometimes a leader has to make unpopular decisions for the good of all. How this is achieved is also a skill that good leaders display. The leadership styles in management also vary on the type of people that the leader works with. Some need the iron fist, others need the velvet glove. Leadership styles in management hinge on two things, the leader himself and the people around him. The leadership style which the leader chooses ought to ideally be the one which will help him extract the best out of the people around him. So having said that, here are the dominant leadership styles in management.. Good leaders are made not born. If the one have the desire and willpower, he can become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience (Jago, 1982). While leadership is learned, the skills and knowledge processed by the leader can be influenced by his or hers attributes or traits, such as beliefs, values, ethics, and character. Knowledge and skills contribute directly to the process leadership, while the other attributes give the leader certain char acteristics that make him or her unique. Leadership and management are essential skill for all qualified healthcare professionals. when leadership comes to nursing, it is recognised that nurses   who have leadership capabilities can improve motivational levels of others in the work environment, this helps nurses to have a positive attitudes about their work, and to run their daily tasks and responsibilities more effectively. Treat the patients and other staff members with respect, and be able to reach personal goals and objectives. It involves an individuals efforts to influence the behaviour of others in providing direct individualised one in that the primary responsibilities of the nurse and health care personnels in the delivery of nursing care. The process of leadership and management are based on a scientific approach called problem solving method. The function of these scientific method is to increase the probability of success for a nurse managers action, given the particulars of a unique environment. In a typical nursing environment, there are staff members, clients, managers, situational variables such as polices and norms, and material resources, there are unique science it would be impossible to find this exact environment in another place or time. The goal of nurses manager is to identify the environments resources and put them to work as a whole system in accomplishing goals and facilitating growth. Reflection involves describing, analysing and evaluating our thoughts, assumptions, beliefs, theories and action [Fade 2005] The educationalist and philosopher John Dewey developed his ideas on thinking and learning and focused on the concept of thinking reflectively, defining it as; Active persistent and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusions to which it tends [Dewey 1933.p 9] He says reflective thinking as a thinking with a purpose and focused strongly on the need to test out and challenge true beliefs by applying the scientific method through deductive reasoning and experimentation. He implied the emotions and feelings are part of reflective thinking but , interestingly, this is not something on which he expanded. He made some important assumptions about people emphasising our tendencies towards quick solutions, tradition and mental ruts and the pervading influence of culture and the environment upon our thinking. He also emphasised the need the need for thinking to be directly linked with action, demonstrating the pragmatic nature of his philosophy, and suggested that any thinking can be intellectual. Thus emphasising the importance of practical as well as the theoretical. Reflection starts with the individual or group and their own experiences and can result, if applied to practice, in improvement of the clinical skills performed by the individual through new knowledge gained on reflection. Clamp (1980) noted that nurses attitudes largely govern how care is administered to their client and the commonest causes of poor care are ignorance and inappropriate attitudes. This process of reflection, if then related into practice, can assist the individual in gaining the required knowledge, leading to a potential improvement in the quality of the care received from that individual. The outcome of reflection as identified by Mezirow (1981) is learning. Louden (1991) describes in ordinary language reflection as serious and sober thought at some distance from action and has connotations similar to meditation and introspection . It is a mental process which takes place out of the stream of action, looking forward or (usually) back to actions that have taken place . Reflective Practice Reflective practice is associated with learning from experience, and is viewed as an important strategy for health professionals who embrace life long learning. The act of reflection is seen as a way of promoting the development of autonomous, qualified and self-directed professionals. Engaging in reflective practice is associated with the improvement of the quality of care, stimulating personal and professional growth and closing the gap between theory and practice. Models of reflection In the models of reflection, I would like to discuss about Gibbs Frame work for Reflection and  Johns Model of Structured Reflection à ¢-  1.Gibbs Framework for Reflection (Linked with the core skills of reflection) In that Stage 1: Description of the event Describe in detail the event you are reflecting on. Include e.g. where were you; who else was there; why were you there; what were you doing; what were other people doing; what was the context of the event; what happened; what was your part in this; what parts did the other people play; what was the result.   Stage 2: Feelings and Thoughts (Self awareness) At this stage, try to recall and explore those things that were going on inside your head. Include:How you were feeling when the event started?What you were thinking about at the time?,How did it make you feel?,How did other people make you feel? ,How did you feel about the outcome of the event? ,What do you think about it now? Stage 3: Evaluation   Try to evaluate or make a judgement about what has happened. Consider what was good about the experience and what was bad about the experience or what did or didnt go so well Stage 4: Analysis Break the event down into its component parts so they can be explored separately. You may need to ask more detailed questions about the answers to the last stage. Include:   What went well?,What did you do well?,What did others do well?,What went wrong or did not turn out how it should have done? .In what way did you or others contribute to this?   Stage 5: Conclusion (Synthesis)   This differs from the evaluation stage in that now you have explored the issue from different angles and have a lot of information to base your judgement. It is here that you are likely to develop insight into you own and other peoples behaviour in terms of how they contributed to the outcome of the event. Remember the purpose of reflection is to learn from an experience. Without detailed analysis and honest exploration that occurs during all the previous stages, it is unlikely that all aspects of the event will be taken into account and therefore valuable opportunities for learning can be missed. During this stage you should ask yourself what you could have done differently.   Stage 6: Action Plan   During this stage you should think yourself forward into encountering the event again and to plan what you would do would you act differently or would you be likely to do the same? Here the cycle is tentatively completed and suggests that should the event occur again it will be the focus of another reflective cycle à ¢-  2 Johns model of structured Reflection . Chris Johns (1994; 1995) model arose from his work in the Burford Nursing Development Unit in the early 1990s. He envisaged this model as being used within a process of guided reflection. His focus was about uncovering and making explicit the knowledge that we use in our practice. He adopted some earlier work by Carper (1978) who looked at ways of knowing in nursing. According to his model of reflection the ways of knowing are Aesthetics the art of what we do, our own experiences à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What was I trying to achieve? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Why did I respond as I did? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What were the consequences of that for the patient? Others? Myself? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How was this person (people) feeling?  Ã‚   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How did I Know this? Personal self awareness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How did I feel in this situation? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What internal factors were influencing me? Ethics moral knowledge à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How did my actions match my beliefs? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What factors made me act in an in-congruent way? Empirics- scientific à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What knowledge did or should have informed me? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ References à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ C Rodgers (2002) Teachers collage records: the voice of scholarship in education à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Elaine Lymne La Monica (1986) Nursing leadership and management: an experiential approach à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Chris Bulman Sue Schutz (2004) Reflective practice in nursing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Gibbs G (1988) Learning by doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods. Oxford Further Education Unit, Oxford.  Ã‚   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Johns C (1995) Framing learning through reflection within Carpers fundamental ways of knowing in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing 22 226-234 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢

Art Can Be Functional Essay -- Argumentative

â€Å"We are in the presence of a work of art only when it has no preponderant instrumental use, and when its technical and rational foundations are not preeminent.†1 The words of George Kubler, a prominent twentieth century art historian, support the notion that art cannot be useful or necessary to society outside of its artistic expression. Kubler’s belief, however, is not solely a contemporary idea. The eighteenth century philosopher, Immanuel Kant, formally proposed this theory. Kant separated fine art from useful art, maintaining that an artist’s goal must be to convey aesthetic ideas through form and design. These ideas are original and creative and therefore have â€Å"purpose without a purpose.†2 In short, both Immanuel Kant and George Kubler, even though separated by more than a century, believe that art only exists for the sake of art, without any other functional value to society, and thus anything that possesses utility fails to be art. Initially, we can easily agree with this notion since art does exist in this form. Famous works of art such as Monet’s â€Å"Waterlilies† or Van Gogh’s â€Å"Starry Night† demonstrate that art exists for art’s sake. These artists express their ideas through form and design, giving the work â€Å"purpose without a purpose.† Even though art exists for the sake of artistic expression, we can also find art that defies the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Bridges exist as art, and thus engineers exist as artists. Although bridges stand as feats of engineering that perform the task of connection, bridges also display great beauty. Undoubtedly, beautiful bridges evoke an array of emotions from observers, much the same as an inspired painting, and thus offer warnings that Kubl... ...ltimately, since the George Washington Bridge qualifies as art, while also utilizing rational and technical foundations to perform a useful function, we can easily disprove George Kubler’s belief. His shortsightedness denies the existence of the art and beauty that surrounds us everyday. Herein lies the biggest tragedy. To limit art to such a small sample of the creative prospects offered by the world only serves to diminish the experience of aesthetic pleasure. Instead, people can and do appreciate works like the George Washington Bridge, which offer artistic value, while still providing a service to society. Art can be found all around us; however, art is lost without people willing to embrace and appreciate it. In all actuality, art, as its primary purpose, serves to enrich our lives, but only brings pleasure to those who choose to see it. Art Can Be Functional Essay -- Argumentative â€Å"We are in the presence of a work of art only when it has no preponderant instrumental use, and when its technical and rational foundations are not preeminent.†1 The words of George Kubler, a prominent twentieth century art historian, support the notion that art cannot be useful or necessary to society outside of its artistic expression. Kubler’s belief, however, is not solely a contemporary idea. The eighteenth century philosopher, Immanuel Kant, formally proposed this theory. Kant separated fine art from useful art, maintaining that an artist’s goal must be to convey aesthetic ideas through form and design. These ideas are original and creative and therefore have â€Å"purpose without a purpose.†2 In short, both Immanuel Kant and George Kubler, even though separated by more than a century, believe that art only exists for the sake of art, without any other functional value to society, and thus anything that possesses utility fails to be art. Initially, we can easily agree with this notion since art does exist in this form. Famous works of art such as Monet’s â€Å"Waterlilies† or Van Gogh’s â€Å"Starry Night† demonstrate that art exists for art’s sake. These artists express their ideas through form and design, giving the work â€Å"purpose without a purpose.† Even though art exists for the sake of artistic expression, we can also find art that defies the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Bridges exist as art, and thus engineers exist as artists. Although bridges stand as feats of engineering that perform the task of connection, bridges also display great beauty. Undoubtedly, beautiful bridges evoke an array of emotions from observers, much the same as an inspired painting, and thus offer warnings that Kubl... ...ltimately, since the George Washington Bridge qualifies as art, while also utilizing rational and technical foundations to perform a useful function, we can easily disprove George Kubler’s belief. His shortsightedness denies the existence of the art and beauty that surrounds us everyday. Herein lies the biggest tragedy. To limit art to such a small sample of the creative prospects offered by the world only serves to diminish the experience of aesthetic pleasure. Instead, people can and do appreciate works like the George Washington Bridge, which offer artistic value, while still providing a service to society. Art can be found all around us; however, art is lost without people willing to embrace and appreciate it. In all actuality, art, as its primary purpose, serves to enrich our lives, but only brings pleasure to those who choose to see it.

The Causes and Effects of Global Recession

Here a definition a recession as well a global recession is mentioned. Some causes and effects has been listed. Due to recession occurring, I have identified the effects of recession based on Tesco. The causes and effects of global recession. Global financial crisis, increasing for a while, began to show its results in the mid of 2007 into 2008. Worldwide stock markets have subsided, financial institutions have dropped and governments in even the richest nations have had to develop packages to assist their financial organizations. Recession is defined as a slowdown of activities in the economy over a time.The major effect of recession is Inflation as well as currency crisis. A decrease in income may be another effect of recession in the economy. As persons try to save more, this reduces sales therefore there is a result of no profits. Another effect may be increase in mortgage rates. At the time of recession, lenders tend to increase rate in order to cover their losses. While in rece ssion employment occasions are reduced since companies tend to cut down on these opportunities thus leading to unemployment in the economy. Countries around the world are being driven into recession as the economic downturn deteriorates.In Europe, Germany, Italy, Ireland and Denmark they have all suffered two consecutive quarters of economic decline the first is the technical definition of a recession and secondly it was already present before. Japan joined the list as it surprised economists and reduced in size in the ending of the year. The UK economy shrank in the third quarter of 2008, and is expected to contract through most of 2009. Many are expecting a new world order with economic power shifting to countries in the east who are better placed to weather the downturn.However, developing economies rely on the west to buy their goods, so recessions in the US and UK will also hurt them. This was according to http://www. guardian. co. uk/business/interactive/2008/oct/08/recession. creditcrunch The effects of recession may be seen as bankruptcies, deflation, a reduction in sales, crash in the stock market and most importantly unemployment. Causes of global recession may be because of the sub-prime lending crisis and rising of oil prices. The main effects of recession are a decrease in profitability, decline in the stock market and difficulty in borrowing.The financial crisis from 2007 to present is a result of the banking system in the United States. This has resulted in the disintegration of financial institutions, bailout of bank by national governments and slumps in stock markets worldwide. In various areas, housing markets has also suffered. Although the credit crunch in the US was costing America and Europe immense job losses, financial professionals were influenced that Africa will NOT BE unharmed by the global financial crisis because of where it is located. The impact of the US credit crunch on Africa was narrow as a result of the restrictions of owne rship.Due to the lack of trade finance is causing stockpiles to build up at Southern Africa’s coal port, because of this, coal trade has fallen drastically. Africa was unharmed for some time. Nevertheless, when the recession strengthened in the First World, the effects were being felt. According to reports people working in the construction, automotive, tourism, finance, services and real estate sectors will be mostly affected during these hard times. Africa’s export and import industries have changed due to the credit crunch in the US.Africa depends heavily on exports of its raw commodities such as oil and coal, and since the US credit crunch the countries that purchases Africa’s exports have been unable to retrieve credit. This has caused a great fall in exports and consecutively resulted in deceased prices. Credit crunch meaning a scarcity of money, declining house prices which is related to a lack of mortgages and credit crunch and cost push inflation result ing in decreased income are some factors that push an economy into recession. A decrease in world GDP occurred in many countries, specifically in developing countries.Imports have also declined significantly in importing countries. This was obvious in countries such as China, Taiwan, Mexico, Egypt and Russia. it was stated that GDP fell to 3. 8% in the U. S. The impact of recession on employment may not be felt for some time. Investigation in Britain shows that low-skilled, low-educated workers and the immature are in a weak position to unemployment in a downturn. It took Britain five years for unemployment to go back to its initial levels. From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve lowered their target rates. They then raised the funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006.This added to an increase in number of years to the adjustable-rate mortgage rates and made it more expensive for homeowners. As a result, this may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing b ubble. Gross Domestic Product declined at an in the last two years in the United States. When GDP collapses, economic growth will also plunge. This is as a result of fewer goods being manufactured and therefore the rate of exports will reduce. It is said that when exports decrease, it will not have sufficient funds to accommodate any growth in the economy what so ever.As a result in the decline in GDP, employment rate will sooner or later begin to drop. As a result of the credit crunch, consumers have less purchasing power therefore they are consuming a lot less. Due to this, employers are making a minor profit and as a result they are not capable to pay their workers. Now, because of this they tend to start to cut down on their staff members. The employment rate in the U. K. for a period of three months was recorded as the lowest since many years aback. The number of people employed that was unemployed was unimaginable although there were a number of job vacancies.This then eventua lly increased to new heights. These increases were mostly due to the industrial sectors. In the US, a rumble in the housing segment was driving the economy to new heights. This is a combination of little interest rates and hefty inflows of overseas funds helped to create easy credit situation where it became a lot easier for people to get loans. As more people are able to obtain loans, the demand for houses increased as well as the price for the house. The main aim of most lending institutions and credit firms was to give loans to scores of potential customers as possible.Inspecting the customer’s repaying capacity was overlooked in lots of cases. As a consequence, many people with a low level income as well as bad credit record category were given housing loans in disregard to all theories of financial caution. This type of loan was considered to be sub-prime loans as the repaying of the loan was doubtful. In the age of globalization, no country can remain detached from the variations of global economy. Intense failures suffered by major International Banks will affect all countries of the world.As of now India is facing heat since their market shares are declining daily, their money is declining against money and their banks are facing brutal crash crunch resulting in scarcity of liquidity in the market. A global depression is most likely to be a consequence in the fall in demand of all types of consumer goods. As a result, in 2007-08, India sold a smaller number of goods to overseas consumers. A fall in demand is likely to affect the growth rate as well as export rates. The global downturn continues to have intense impacts for developing countries.Australia is dedicated to responding efficiently to this crisis and civilizing the elasticity of countries and their ability to handle shocks in the mare future. Australia responded to this recession by the prevention of poverty reduction and sustaining programs that generate employment and re-establish eco nomic growth. During 2008 and 2009 the global economy was shaken by towering food and fuel prices. Global economic growth deteriorated in the year 2009. The crisis also produced a significant change in the situation of expanding countries. Economic growth in developing countries in 2009 dramatically decreased compared to that in 2007.Declines in foreign direct investment, export revenue and payments have slow down economic growth and employment in developing countries. There is development towards plummeting poverty and hunger. Extensive job losses in rural areas, export-oriented sectors has enlarged unemployment and impelled more workers into low-income careers. This impact has been a result of recession. Although Japan has not suffered from a housing crumple or toxic assets, its financial system has been hit rigid by the crisis than the US or EU. Japan’s reduction is as a result in the fall in external demand.THE EFFECT OF THE CRISIS ON TESCO Here http://www. corporatewatch . org. uk/? lid=252#sum stated that Tesco, known as Britian’s leading as well as most beneficial supermarket is located in China. As in the current years, Tesco and its biggest rivals have faced disparagement for mistreating their position as a monopoly and adding to some of the main internal and external problems outbreak in society today. Some of these include replacing small farmers with industrial monoculture agricultural estate whereby the wages ahead are lower and their labor privileges. As time went by Tesco took over the leading position.In 1995 Tesco was the largest supermarket and became the leader a few years after. This was foreseen as an achievement. In the year 2000, Tesco successfully launched a website. In 2001, customer satisfaction was taken into consideration as in various stores, enhancement services was implemented. Tesco became the primary merchant in the UK. They also reached to new heights. The entry to Malaysia was made in the upcoming year. As all fi rms do, they offered speciality products which were made for diabetic customers. The business began storing electronic products of all types, as well as furniture in its stores.During this same year the company then further introduced garments mainly in its UK stores giving customers a wider range of products. As years went by Tesco made entries to various countries. Entry was made into China. This time where their product was launched they developed and promoted their products. The website which was launched was available to download music as well. In the year 2005 the existence in Taiwan’s was done. As the years went by Tesco progressed and developed slowly. After a sum of three years, plans were made to establish a new business to be made available in India.According to market studies in 2004, Tesco’s gap was sealing. It was known as the fourth major supermarket in the world existing presently. It is said that Tesco operates countless stores in various countries aro und the world and employees more than hundreds or persons. They used their knowledge to compete against Wal-Mart as by lowering prices so customers would turn to them instead, their increasing sales and consumer awareness and needs. Tesco is known that the major aim of a firm is to maximize profits. However, it is the belief of many that the firm cannot achieve its full potential if it cannot achieve its full growth potential.Therefore in this case Marris’s theory does not make any economic sense. For a firm to be able to maximize shareholders and managers wealth, it must be able to grow and advance enough. Also, since the aim of the modern economic world is globalization, if a firm cannot meet its fullest potential it can be highly compatible with the global market and a wider variety of preferences for trade and investment. According to http://www. dailymail. co. uk/news/article-1172251/Prices-profits-Tesco-puts-success-discounts–shoppers-pay-staple-goods. html sales progress at Tesco has plit fifty-fifty due to Britain's major retailer loses patrons to financial plan competitors, together with the thriving German discounters. Although the value of sales through Tesco's stores in UK showed a twelve-monthly growth of 2% within the past three months, it was its worst figure in a long time. The business has react d by establishing a modern recent discount choice, which is bringing inhabitants through the doors nevertheless delivering inferior sales values and profit margins. Tesco had a huge lost from customers due to them switching to Asda while Aldi and Morrisons made a reasonable profit.This was due to switching of customer loyalties. Figures proved that Tesco's leading grocery competitors are doing far more damage to it than formerly deliberated. Tesco insisted that its recently launched brand was to blame for knocking a few percentages of UK sales figures. Selling experts suggested as a result of the values, Tesco is fighting a wrong battle. They should be more concerned about their customers’ preference and not their competitors. It was reported that Tesco is pleased with progress being done but at the same time they are pragmatic about the climate in the economy a present and the twist it is putting on the customers.The director of Tesco stated that the growth of sales in UK was the slowest since the recession in the early 1990s. Although deflation in a business causes losses it is a good decision since customers respond to it. As of the expansion of the business in the US, there is a halt. http://www. tescoplc. com/annualreport09/financialstatements/summary_financial_statement/summary_group_income_statement/ Stated that VAT increased and that exchange rates as well as sales increased. It stated a reduction of inflation and growth rate which impacted on an increase in sales due to customers trying to save their salary.Due to these trends, Tesco took advantage of it by slicing their prices and making products mo re affordable. With the increase in productivity and proper expense management the result of this there was a growth in profits despite the challenges. This website http://industry. bnet. com/retail/10001528/recessions-impact-on-fresh-easy-drags-down-tesco-results/ stated that in the financial year ending February, Tesco lost a huge amount of money in pounds. After bookkeeping for the exchange rates it was shown that an unbelievable amount was due to this.It then was forecasted that an enormous loss occurred in the US. Also it was said that the total sales amounted to 208 million pounds, due to stores having an advantage because of a sale. As stated according to http://www. bbc. co. uk/blogs/thereporters/robertpeston/2010/01/tesco_and_recessions_end. html Britain’s largest merchant benefited from an unexpected growth. Sales in the UK rose a remarkable 8. 3% – and 4. 9% per unit of selling space, adjusted for the VAT changes and excluding petrol. This was Tesco's best p erformance for three years. It seemed as doe recession did not have any impact on Tesco.As prices goes up it is stated that other stores are raising their prices. By supporting the credit crunch, this may be as a result of elevated numbers of unemployment. As one of the largest and fastest growing merchants more jobs will be accessible with TESCO therefore helping to trim down the levels of unemployment. A PESTLE analysis is therefore useful in order to keeping TESCO up to date with their environmental surroundings for example by identifying in advance that route to which they are heading for a recession would have helped them to plan in advance. This was stated according to http://www. odelanswer. co. uk/business/help/pestle/tescos. php. it also stated that a PESTLE analysis is essential to the development and the success of TESCO’s also including the day to day management of each store in line with strategic decisions. By lack of knowledge of what external factors affect th e organisation, it is complex to control the business in a well-organized manner. http://www. independent. co. uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/recession-slows-the-tesco-juggernaut-1048858. html states that the biggest retailer, in UK had a huge downturn of sale due to recession.However, Tesco is being battered by brutal competition from rivals, Asda, Morrisons and Aldi, which are apparent to be stronger on price. Thus far, the government’s reaction is mainly heavily dependent on measures agreed to before the crisis began. Negotiating a framework for a unified response by business, government and trade unions, with an emphasis on avoiding, where possible, retrenchments. Interest rate cuts. Proceeding with a three-year infrastructure investment programme. Proceeding with an expanded public-works programme was stated according to http://www. amandlapublishers. co. a/home-menu-item/156-the-impact-of-the-global-recession-on-south-africa. In accordance to http://www. bloombe rg. com/apps/news? pid=conewsstory&tkr=TSCO:LN&sid=aB2XzUDCyYSQ. It stated that across all parts of their strategy – UK, International, Non-food, Services, businesses are now physically powerful than it was before the recession. Various procedures, developed market shares, strategic performance and a strong organic development programme, were done to accomplish profitable growth. In the United States, Fresh & Easy has been making tremendous progress, despite lengthened weakness in the economies.Customers are now appreciating the range of fresh food being prepared and the friendly services offered. As of the new businesses, we are become accustom and cultivating feedback. With the upgrading development to our range implemented and with the number of growing stores, which was launched at media campaigns – in is said to offer both high quality and low prices. With a combination of increased customer awareness and the improvements we have made in the store helped to drive stronger positive sales growth throughout the year. As a result of assistance from the government, there was much of no assistance.They insisted that retailers would benefit only from a re-evaluation of business rates as they have been negatively affected by tumbling property values. He also suggested that a cut in the Uniform Business Rate multiplier should be done to avoid businesses suffering rate increases in a recession. The multiplier is reviewed annually and goes up in line with inflation. It was also disclosed that business rates should be reviewed since they do not reflect the changing nature of businesses in which the value ofproperty is no longer profitability as stated according to http://findarticles. om/p/articles/mi_7996/is_2008_Nov_12/ai_n39096759/. CONCLUSION In closing global recession has a huge impact on businesses. As a result Tesco was one of the companies affected by the recession.REFERENCE WEBSITES Tesco. com Tecso’s History [Online] Available at: http ://www. tescoplc. com/plc/about_us/tesco_story/ [Accessed on 28th April, 2010] About Tesco [Online] Available at: http://www. cn. tesco. com/en/aboutus/aboutus_history. htm [Accessed on 28th April, 2010] Tesco’s weekly sales growth [Online] Available at: http://www. freshplaza. com/news_detail. sp? id=62193 [Accessed on 28th April, 2010] Government assistance towards Tesco [Online] Available at: http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_7996/is_2008_Nov_12/ai_n39096759/ [Accessed on 1st May, 2010] Tesco Plc [Online] Available at: http://www. bloomberg. com/apps/news? pid=conewsstory&tkr=TSCO:LN&sid=aB2XzUDCyYSQ [Accessed on 1st May, 2010] The impact of global recession [Online] Available at: http://www. amandlapublishers. co. za/home-menu-item/156-the-impact-of-the-global-recession-on-south-africa [Accessed on 1st May, 2010] Tesco’s recession [Online]