Art Can Be Functional Essay -- Argumentative

â€Å"We are in the presence of a work of art only when it has no preponderant instrumental use, and when its technical and rational foundations are not preeminent.†1 The words of George Kubler, a prominent twentieth century art historian, support the notion that art cannot be useful or necessary to society outside of its artistic expression. Kubler’s belief, however, is not solely a contemporary idea. The eighteenth century philosopher, Immanuel Kant, formally proposed this theory. Kant separated fine art from useful art, maintaining that an artist’s goal must be to convey aesthetic ideas through form and design. These ideas are original and creative and therefore have â€Å"purpose without a purpose.†2 In short, both Immanuel Kant and George Kubler, even though separated by more than a century, believe that art only exists for the sake of art, without any other functional value to society, and thus anything that possesses utility fails to be art. Initially, we can easily agree with this notion since art does exist in this form. Famous works of art such as Monet’s â€Å"Waterlilies† or Van Gogh’s â€Å"Starry Night† demonstrate that art exists for art’s sake. These artists express their ideas through form and design, giving the work â€Å"purpose without a purpose.† Even though art exists for the sake of artistic expression, we can also find art that defies the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Bridges exist as art, and thus engineers exist as artists. Although bridges stand as feats of engineering that perform the task of connection, bridges also display great beauty. Undoubtedly, beautiful bridges evoke an array of emotions from observers, much the same as an inspired painting, and thus offer warnings that Kubl... ...ltimately, since the George Washington Bridge qualifies as art, while also utilizing rational and technical foundations to perform a useful function, we can easily disprove George Kubler’s belief. His shortsightedness denies the existence of the art and beauty that surrounds us everyday. Herein lies the biggest tragedy. To limit art to such a small sample of the creative prospects offered by the world only serves to diminish the experience of aesthetic pleasure. Instead, people can and do appreciate works like the George Washington Bridge, which offer artistic value, while still providing a service to society. Art can be found all around us; however, art is lost without people willing to embrace and appreciate it. In all actuality, art, as its primary purpose, serves to enrich our lives, but only brings pleasure to those who choose to see it. Art Can Be Functional Essay -- Argumentative â€Å"We are in the presence of a work of art only when it has no preponderant instrumental use, and when its technical and rational foundations are not preeminent.†1 The words of George Kubler, a prominent twentieth century art historian, support the notion that art cannot be useful or necessary to society outside of its artistic expression. Kubler’s belief, however, is not solely a contemporary idea. The eighteenth century philosopher, Immanuel Kant, formally proposed this theory. Kant separated fine art from useful art, maintaining that an artist’s goal must be to convey aesthetic ideas through form and design. These ideas are original and creative and therefore have â€Å"purpose without a purpose.†2 In short, both Immanuel Kant and George Kubler, even though separated by more than a century, believe that art only exists for the sake of art, without any other functional value to society, and thus anything that possesses utility fails to be art. Initially, we can easily agree with this notion since art does exist in this form. Famous works of art such as Monet’s â€Å"Waterlilies† or Van Gogh’s â€Å"Starry Night† demonstrate that art exists for art’s sake. These artists express their ideas through form and design, giving the work â€Å"purpose without a purpose.† Even though art exists for the sake of artistic expression, we can also find art that defies the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Bridges exist as art, and thus engineers exist as artists. Although bridges stand as feats of engineering that perform the task of connection, bridges also display great beauty. Undoubtedly, beautiful bridges evoke an array of emotions from observers, much the same as an inspired painting, and thus offer warnings that Kubl... ...ltimately, since the George Washington Bridge qualifies as art, while also utilizing rational and technical foundations to perform a useful function, we can easily disprove George Kubler’s belief. His shortsightedness denies the existence of the art and beauty that surrounds us everyday. Herein lies the biggest tragedy. To limit art to such a small sample of the creative prospects offered by the world only serves to diminish the experience of aesthetic pleasure. Instead, people can and do appreciate works like the George Washington Bridge, which offer artistic value, while still providing a service to society. Art can be found all around us; however, art is lost without people willing to embrace and appreciate it. In all actuality, art, as its primary purpose, serves to enrich our lives, but only brings pleasure to those who choose to see it.

The Causes and Effects of Global Recession

Here a definition a recession as well a global recession is mentioned. Some causes and effects has been listed. Due to recession occurring, I have identified the effects of recession based on Tesco. The causes and effects of global recession. Global financial crisis, increasing for a while, began to show its results in the mid of 2007 into 2008. Worldwide stock markets have subsided, financial institutions have dropped and governments in even the richest nations have had to develop packages to assist their financial organizations. Recession is defined as a slowdown of activities in the economy over a time.The major effect of recession is Inflation as well as currency crisis. A decrease in income may be another effect of recession in the economy. As persons try to save more, this reduces sales therefore there is a result of no profits. Another effect may be increase in mortgage rates. At the time of recession, lenders tend to increase rate in order to cover their losses. While in rece ssion employment occasions are reduced since companies tend to cut down on these opportunities thus leading to unemployment in the economy. Countries around the world are being driven into recession as the economic downturn deteriorates.In Europe, Germany, Italy, Ireland and Denmark they have all suffered two consecutive quarters of economic decline the first is the technical definition of a recession and secondly it was already present before. Japan joined the list as it surprised economists and reduced in size in the ending of the year. The UK economy shrank in the third quarter of 2008, and is expected to contract through most of 2009. Many are expecting a new world order with economic power shifting to countries in the east who are better placed to weather the downturn.However, developing economies rely on the west to buy their goods, so recessions in the US and UK will also hurt them. This was according to http://www. guardian. co. uk/business/interactive/2008/oct/08/recession. creditcrunch The effects of recession may be seen as bankruptcies, deflation, a reduction in sales, crash in the stock market and most importantly unemployment. Causes of global recession may be because of the sub-prime lending crisis and rising of oil prices. The main effects of recession are a decrease in profitability, decline in the stock market and difficulty in borrowing.The financial crisis from 2007 to present is a result of the banking system in the United States. This has resulted in the disintegration of financial institutions, bailout of bank by national governments and slumps in stock markets worldwide. In various areas, housing markets has also suffered. Although the credit crunch in the US was costing America and Europe immense job losses, financial professionals were influenced that Africa will NOT BE unharmed by the global financial crisis because of where it is located. The impact of the US credit crunch on Africa was narrow as a result of the restrictions of owne rship.Due to the lack of trade finance is causing stockpiles to build up at Southern Africa’s coal port, because of this, coal trade has fallen drastically. Africa was unharmed for some time. Nevertheless, when the recession strengthened in the First World, the effects were being felt. According to reports people working in the construction, automotive, tourism, finance, services and real estate sectors will be mostly affected during these hard times. Africa’s export and import industries have changed due to the credit crunch in the US.Africa depends heavily on exports of its raw commodities such as oil and coal, and since the US credit crunch the countries that purchases Africa’s exports have been unable to retrieve credit. This has caused a great fall in exports and consecutively resulted in deceased prices. Credit crunch meaning a scarcity of money, declining house prices which is related to a lack of mortgages and credit crunch and cost push inflation result ing in decreased income are some factors that push an economy into recession. A decrease in world GDP occurred in many countries, specifically in developing countries.Imports have also declined significantly in importing countries. This was obvious in countries such as China, Taiwan, Mexico, Egypt and Russia. it was stated that GDP fell to 3. 8% in the U. S. The impact of recession on employment may not be felt for some time. Investigation in Britain shows that low-skilled, low-educated workers and the immature are in a weak position to unemployment in a downturn. It took Britain five years for unemployment to go back to its initial levels. From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve lowered their target rates. They then raised the funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006.This added to an increase in number of years to the adjustable-rate mortgage rates and made it more expensive for homeowners. As a result, this may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing b ubble. Gross Domestic Product declined at an in the last two years in the United States. When GDP collapses, economic growth will also plunge. This is as a result of fewer goods being manufactured and therefore the rate of exports will reduce. It is said that when exports decrease, it will not have sufficient funds to accommodate any growth in the economy what so ever.As a result in the decline in GDP, employment rate will sooner or later begin to drop. As a result of the credit crunch, consumers have less purchasing power therefore they are consuming a lot less. Due to this, employers are making a minor profit and as a result they are not capable to pay their workers. Now, because of this they tend to start to cut down on their staff members. The employment rate in the U. K. for a period of three months was recorded as the lowest since many years aback. The number of people employed that was unemployed was unimaginable although there were a number of job vacancies.This then eventua lly increased to new heights. These increases were mostly due to the industrial sectors. In the US, a rumble in the housing segment was driving the economy to new heights. This is a combination of little interest rates and hefty inflows of overseas funds helped to create easy credit situation where it became a lot easier for people to get loans. As more people are able to obtain loans, the demand for houses increased as well as the price for the house. The main aim of most lending institutions and credit firms was to give loans to scores of potential customers as possible.Inspecting the customer’s repaying capacity was overlooked in lots of cases. As a consequence, many people with a low level income as well as bad credit record category were given housing loans in disregard to all theories of financial caution. This type of loan was considered to be sub-prime loans as the repaying of the loan was doubtful. In the age of globalization, no country can remain detached from the variations of global economy. Intense failures suffered by major International Banks will affect all countries of the world.As of now India is facing heat since their market shares are declining daily, their money is declining against money and their banks are facing brutal crash crunch resulting in scarcity of liquidity in the market. A global depression is most likely to be a consequence in the fall in demand of all types of consumer goods. As a result, in 2007-08, India sold a smaller number of goods to overseas consumers. A fall in demand is likely to affect the growth rate as well as export rates. The global downturn continues to have intense impacts for developing countries.Australia is dedicated to responding efficiently to this crisis and civilizing the elasticity of countries and their ability to handle shocks in the mare future. Australia responded to this recession by the prevention of poverty reduction and sustaining programs that generate employment and re-establish eco nomic growth. During 2008 and 2009 the global economy was shaken by towering food and fuel prices. Global economic growth deteriorated in the year 2009. The crisis also produced a significant change in the situation of expanding countries. Economic growth in developing countries in 2009 dramatically decreased compared to that in 2007.Declines in foreign direct investment, export revenue and payments have slow down economic growth and employment in developing countries. There is development towards plummeting poverty and hunger. Extensive job losses in rural areas, export-oriented sectors has enlarged unemployment and impelled more workers into low-income careers. This impact has been a result of recession. Although Japan has not suffered from a housing crumple or toxic assets, its financial system has been hit rigid by the crisis than the US or EU. Japan’s reduction is as a result in the fall in external demand.THE EFFECT OF THE CRISIS ON TESCO Here http://www. corporatewatch . org. uk/? lid=252#sum stated that Tesco, known as Britian’s leading as well as most beneficial supermarket is located in China. As in the current years, Tesco and its biggest rivals have faced disparagement for mistreating their position as a monopoly and adding to some of the main internal and external problems outbreak in society today. Some of these include replacing small farmers with industrial monoculture agricultural estate whereby the wages ahead are lower and their labor privileges. As time went by Tesco took over the leading position.In 1995 Tesco was the largest supermarket and became the leader a few years after. This was foreseen as an achievement. In the year 2000, Tesco successfully launched a website. In 2001, customer satisfaction was taken into consideration as in various stores, enhancement services was implemented. Tesco became the primary merchant in the UK. They also reached to new heights. The entry to Malaysia was made in the upcoming year. As all fi rms do, they offered speciality products which were made for diabetic customers. The business began storing electronic products of all types, as well as furniture in its stores.During this same year the company then further introduced garments mainly in its UK stores giving customers a wider range of products. As years went by Tesco made entries to various countries. Entry was made into China. This time where their product was launched they developed and promoted their products. The website which was launched was available to download music as well. In the year 2005 the existence in Taiwan’s was done. As the years went by Tesco progressed and developed slowly. After a sum of three years, plans were made to establish a new business to be made available in India.According to market studies in 2004, Tesco’s gap was sealing. It was known as the fourth major supermarket in the world existing presently. It is said that Tesco operates countless stores in various countries aro und the world and employees more than hundreds or persons. They used their knowledge to compete against Wal-Mart as by lowering prices so customers would turn to them instead, their increasing sales and consumer awareness and needs. Tesco is known that the major aim of a firm is to maximize profits. However, it is the belief of many that the firm cannot achieve its full potential if it cannot achieve its full growth potential.Therefore in this case Marris’s theory does not make any economic sense. For a firm to be able to maximize shareholders and managers wealth, it must be able to grow and advance enough. Also, since the aim of the modern economic world is globalization, if a firm cannot meet its fullest potential it can be highly compatible with the global market and a wider variety of preferences for trade and investment. According to http://www. dailymail. co. uk/news/article-1172251/Prices-profits-Tesco-puts-success-discounts–shoppers-pay-staple-goods. html sales progress at Tesco has plit fifty-fifty due to Britain's major retailer loses patrons to financial plan competitors, together with the thriving German discounters. Although the value of sales through Tesco's stores in UK showed a twelve-monthly growth of 2% within the past three months, it was its worst figure in a long time. The business has react d by establishing a modern recent discount choice, which is bringing inhabitants through the doors nevertheless delivering inferior sales values and profit margins. Tesco had a huge lost from customers due to them switching to Asda while Aldi and Morrisons made a reasonable profit.This was due to switching of customer loyalties. Figures proved that Tesco's leading grocery competitors are doing far more damage to it than formerly deliberated. Tesco insisted that its recently launched brand was to blame for knocking a few percentages of UK sales figures. Selling experts suggested as a result of the values, Tesco is fighting a wrong battle. They should be more concerned about their customers’ preference and not their competitors. It was reported that Tesco is pleased with progress being done but at the same time they are pragmatic about the climate in the economy a present and the twist it is putting on the customers.The director of Tesco stated that the growth of sales in UK was the slowest since the recession in the early 1990s. Although deflation in a business causes losses it is a good decision since customers respond to it. As of the expansion of the business in the US, there is a halt. http://www. tescoplc. com/annualreport09/financialstatements/summary_financial_statement/summary_group_income_statement/ Stated that VAT increased and that exchange rates as well as sales increased. It stated a reduction of inflation and growth rate which impacted on an increase in sales due to customers trying to save their salary.Due to these trends, Tesco took advantage of it by slicing their prices and making products mo re affordable. With the increase in productivity and proper expense management the result of this there was a growth in profits despite the challenges. This website http://industry. bnet. com/retail/10001528/recessions-impact-on-fresh-easy-drags-down-tesco-results/ stated that in the financial year ending February, Tesco lost a huge amount of money in pounds. After bookkeeping for the exchange rates it was shown that an unbelievable amount was due to this.It then was forecasted that an enormous loss occurred in the US. Also it was said that the total sales amounted to 208 million pounds, due to stores having an advantage because of a sale. As stated according to http://www. bbc. co. uk/blogs/thereporters/robertpeston/2010/01/tesco_and_recessions_end. html Britain’s largest merchant benefited from an unexpected growth. Sales in the UK rose a remarkable 8. 3% – and 4. 9% per unit of selling space, adjusted for the VAT changes and excluding petrol. This was Tesco's best p erformance for three years. It seemed as doe recession did not have any impact on Tesco.As prices goes up it is stated that other stores are raising their prices. By supporting the credit crunch, this may be as a result of elevated numbers of unemployment. As one of the largest and fastest growing merchants more jobs will be accessible with TESCO therefore helping to trim down the levels of unemployment. A PESTLE analysis is therefore useful in order to keeping TESCO up to date with their environmental surroundings for example by identifying in advance that route to which they are heading for a recession would have helped them to plan in advance. This was stated according to http://www. odelanswer. co. uk/business/help/pestle/tescos. php. it also stated that a PESTLE analysis is essential to the development and the success of TESCO’s also including the day to day management of each store in line with strategic decisions. By lack of knowledge of what external factors affect th e organisation, it is complex to control the business in a well-organized manner. http://www. independent. co. uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/recession-slows-the-tesco-juggernaut-1048858. html states that the biggest retailer, in UK had a huge downturn of sale due to recession.However, Tesco is being battered by brutal competition from rivals, Asda, Morrisons and Aldi, which are apparent to be stronger on price. Thus far, the government’s reaction is mainly heavily dependent on measures agreed to before the crisis began. Negotiating a framework for a unified response by business, government and trade unions, with an emphasis on avoiding, where possible, retrenchments. Interest rate cuts. Proceeding with a three-year infrastructure investment programme. Proceeding with an expanded public-works programme was stated according to http://www. amandlapublishers. co. a/home-menu-item/156-the-impact-of-the-global-recession-on-south-africa. In accordance to http://www. bloombe rg. com/apps/news? pid=conewsstory&tkr=TSCO:LN&sid=aB2XzUDCyYSQ. It stated that across all parts of their strategy – UK, International, Non-food, Services, businesses are now physically powerful than it was before the recession. Various procedures, developed market shares, strategic performance and a strong organic development programme, were done to accomplish profitable growth. In the United States, Fresh & Easy has been making tremendous progress, despite lengthened weakness in the economies.Customers are now appreciating the range of fresh food being prepared and the friendly services offered. As of the new businesses, we are become accustom and cultivating feedback. With the upgrading development to our range implemented and with the number of growing stores, which was launched at media campaigns – in is said to offer both high quality and low prices. With a combination of increased customer awareness and the improvements we have made in the store helped to drive stronger positive sales growth throughout the year. As a result of assistance from the government, there was much of no assistance.They insisted that retailers would benefit only from a re-evaluation of business rates as they have been negatively affected by tumbling property values. He also suggested that a cut in the Uniform Business Rate multiplier should be done to avoid businesses suffering rate increases in a recession. The multiplier is reviewed annually and goes up in line with inflation. It was also disclosed that business rates should be reviewed since they do not reflect the changing nature of businesses in which the value ofproperty is no longer profitability as stated according to http://findarticles. om/p/articles/mi_7996/is_2008_Nov_12/ai_n39096759/. CONCLUSION In closing global recession has a huge impact on businesses. As a result Tesco was one of the companies affected by the recession.REFERENCE WEBSITES Tesco. com Tecso’s History [Online] Available at: http ://www. tescoplc. com/plc/about_us/tesco_story/ [Accessed on 28th April, 2010] About Tesco [Online] Available at: http://www. cn. tesco. com/en/aboutus/aboutus_history. htm [Accessed on 28th April, 2010] Tesco’s weekly sales growth [Online] Available at: http://www. freshplaza. com/news_detail. sp? id=62193 [Accessed on 28th April, 2010] Government assistance towards Tesco [Online] Available at: http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_7996/is_2008_Nov_12/ai_n39096759/ [Accessed on 1st May, 2010] Tesco Plc [Online] Available at: http://www. bloomberg. com/apps/news? pid=conewsstory&tkr=TSCO:LN&sid=aB2XzUDCyYSQ [Accessed on 1st May, 2010] The impact of global recession [Online] Available at: http://www. amandlapublishers. co. za/home-menu-item/156-the-impact-of-the-global-recession-on-south-africa [Accessed on 1st May, 2010] Tesco’s recession [Online]

Movie Analysis Movie Review Forrest Gump - 788 Words

Saniza Sunesara Professor Massie English 1301 October 12, 2017 Forrest Gump â€Å"Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what youre gonna get. However, when the viewers watch Forrest there is a lot of laughter and tears shed. Forrest Gump, the main character, is a simple, slow-witted man with a low IQ, but Forrest has good intentions. The movie which is also named Forrest Gump concentrates on Forrest through thirty years of misery, placing Forrest within historical events of history and in pursuit of the only love, Jenny. Despite Forrests naive nature, Forrest lives anything but a restricted life. Forrest impresses everyone by some powerful football skills, fighting in Vietnam War, and by creating a business of shrimp fishing.†¦show more content†¦This film is a blend of different genres; the first one is romance. Romance is brought in by the main character Forrest Gump and Forrest’s love interest Jenny. Despite Jenny’s immoral behavior, Forrest still loves Jenny unconditionally, which demonstrates the real meaning of true love. For example, in one scene Jenny’s boyfriend is abusing Jenny in front of Forrest and Forrest tries to help her, but Jenny refuses the help thinking that Forrest shouldnt have interfered. The second genre is drama. A dramatic movie shows the character influencing people or the main character himself being influenced. In some situations, Forrest influenced several people to do the right thing. It shows how a slow witted person can do so many things in life and still stand out as an influential figure. For instance, Jenny realizes that Forrest’s love is real and they get married, but soon after a year Jenny dies of a disease. This is a perfect example of a dramatic sad ending, which left the viewers with eyes full of tears. While the acting won thousands of people’s hearts, the visual effects were also just as good. For instance, Lieutenant Taylor, commanding officer who Forrest saved in the Vietnam War, lost both the legs due to some serious wound while attacking. Although in real life Lieutenant has legs, this scene did an exceptionally good job convincing people that Lieutenant had prosthetic legs. The legs were either hidden by using technology, or by bendingShow MoreRelatedEssay about Jennys Personality; Interpretation of Forrest Gump1419 Words   |  6 PagesForrest Gump: Jenny’s Personality Monday, August 22, 2011 PSY202 – Principles of Psychology In this character analysis paper the character of Jenny Curran from the award winning movie Forrest Gump will be the subject of discussion. This paper will present an analysis of the Jenny’s personality as it is applicable to Psychodynamic theory. The paper will present my rationale for the choice to use the Psychodynamic theory to describe Jenny Curran’s personality. In addition, this paper willRead More The Naive Protagonists of Candide and Forrest Gump Essay example3382 Words   |  14 PagesProtagonists of Candide and Forrest Gump      Ã‚   Society can be, and is, corrupt in many different ways. Within our lives we are subject, but not limited to, corruptions within religion, corruptions of morals, and corruption within the government. Voltaire, the author of Candide, and Robert Zemeckis, the director of Forrest Gump, both use grotesquely naà ¯ve protagonists to illustrate their view of the world in which they live. Nevertheless, Candide and Forrest, surrounded by a corrupt societyRead MoreThe X Files Is An American Science Fiction Horror Drama Television Series Created By Chris Carter2222 Words   |  9 Pagesthese movies are now considered classics in the twenty first century. Movies like Forrest Gump and The Shawshank Redemption are just two of the hundreds of movies that are now seen as amazing movies. There were also many movies that were created for children that many people can vouch that without that movie there childhood would have been bland. Movies like Aladdin and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York got great reviews for being funny and interesting to watch. Other movies like The Matrix and SavingRead MoreJenny from Forrest Gump Personality Trait Analysis Essay3805 Words   |  16 PagesThe relationship between Jenny and Forrest is initially looked at as Forrest’s savior, but Jenny also saw it as a way to escape her father when they were children, then later giving Forrest the role of safety net. He was always there when Jenny needed someone to lean on. She cares for Forrest very much and while she is kindhearted, she has also shown how selfish and self-destructing she is. By the end of her life she redeems herself by fulfilling Forrest’s dream to marry her while simultaneouslyRead MoreNew Field of Research: Video Rewrite2948 Words   |  12 Pagesgenerate very realistic looking animations or video loops without having to construct complex 3D surface models and movement models. [15, 25, 24] There are many potential applications for video rewrite ranging from commercial use in the movie industry, game industry, and special effects animation, to personal usage of presenting dynamic scenes on web pages. The areas that I am interested in researching are video texture generation and video-based animation. Read MoreProduct Placement12588 Words   |  51 Pagesmerchandise is inserted into and used contextually in a motion picture, television, or other media vehicle for commercial purposes. In product placement, the involved audience gets exposed to the brands and products during the natural process of the movie, television program, or content vehicle. (Panda, 2004; Cebrzynski, 2006) That is, product placement in popular mass media provides exposure to potential target consumers and shows brands being used or consumed in their natural settings (Stephen andRead MoreThe Studio System Essay14396 Words   |  58 Pages1920, Adolph Zukor, head of Paramount Pictures, over the decade of the 1920s helped to fashion Hollywood into a vertically integrated system, a set of economic innovations which was firmly in place by 1930. For the next three decades, the movie industry in the United States and the rest of the world operated by according to these principles. Cultural, social and economic changes ensured the demise of this system after the Second World War. A new way to run Hollywood was

Christian and Pagan Influence in Paradise Lost and...

Christian and Pagan Influence in Paradise Lost and Beowulf In Paradise Lost, Milton is adept at drawing from both Christian and pagan sources and integrating them in such a way that they reinforce one another (Abrams 1075). Of course it is a commonplace for critics to believe that Milton valued his Christian sources more highly than the pagan ones (Martindale 20); this is most likely due to the fact that he regarded the Christian sources as vessels of the truth. His classical allusions, on the other hand, served as references for things fallen or damned. Thus, as seen in the invocation to Book 7 (Descend from heav’n Urania, by that name / If rightly thou art called [7.1-2]) wherein Milton places his muse Urania, the Greek†¦show more content†¦Thus, I agree with John D. Niles that if this poem can be attributed to a Christian author composing not earlier than the first half of the tenth century†¦then there is little reason to read it as a survival from the heathen age that came to be marred by monkish interpolations (137) . Just as the Beowulf poet’s contemporary audience was thrown into a schizophrenic state by the pull of a pagan past against the new teachings of Christianity, the poet himself was put to task to successfully blend these religious ideologies in a complex yet effective plot that appealed to his audience precisely because they were attempting to reconcile their own beliefs. Although Beowulf most likely began as such a pagan epic, it eventually was expanded to include Christian elements, whereas Paradise Lost is definitely a Christian tale that uses classical allusions to remain connected to the epic tradition. In both tales, pagan or classical allusions, in contrast to Christian allusions, are used in reference to that which is fallen or damned. Yet I must be careful not to imply that Milton was using the Beowulf manuscript as a source because the manuscript was not available in England until 1815; therefore, Milton could not have been aware of it during theShow MoreRelatedReligion Throughout British Literature2205 Words   |  9 PagesWith all the books read in class this year, there has been some type of influence on the way each story was written. From Beowulf to Paradise Lost, there have been many, mostly religious, persuasions in the style and approach to writing of the novel. These influences, whether theyre religious or cultural or psychological , have a deep impact on the story and are reflective of a literary time period. The differences in each story show the changes in the culture, religion, or the way people thoughtRead MoreQualities of a Leader in Beowulf and Sir Gawain the Green Knight1074 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent character and upon completion of his journey the main character usually becomes the leader or a figure who has the potential to lead others, the leader is usually a well-known, revered, however they are alone, both figuratively and physically. Beowulf written by an unnamed poet has multiple characters that the reader can identify as leaders, one whom is within the first five lines of the text. Shielf Sheafson, is described as the scourge of many tribes becomes the first Cyng of the Danes. In SirRead MoreAnglo-Saxon Heroic Poetry5673 Words   |  23 PagesOld English poetry is divided into two types: the Heroic, the sources of which are pre-Christian Germanic myth, history and custom; and the Christ ian. Heroic, or Epic Poetry belongs to one of these two types and refers to long narrative poems celebrating the great deeds of one or more legendary heroes, in a grand, ceremonious style. In its strict use by literary critics, the terms Heroic Poetry or Epic are applied to a work that meets the following criteria: such a poem must be related in an

The Accounts Of Eros In The symposium Essay - 1797 Words

The Accounts of Eros in the quot;Symposiumquot; The word love carries with it many, many different interpretations. In modern day, our views on what is appropriate love is much different from the views from the time of Socrates and Plato. To them love was eros, a direct translation of the word love. However, the word itself wasnt the only thing that was different about love. In Platos quot;Symposiumquot;, there is a celebration for Agathon. He had just won a dramatic contest in Athens, Greece two nights ago. It is customary to drink much wine at these gatherings, however, every one present is too weak from the night before. (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg. xiii) So a proposition is made, by Phaedrus, to properly give praise to the†¦show more content†¦She speaks of the way Love was conceived, a clever scheme by a god to escape her misfortunes. It seems the goddess of poverty, Penia laid down beside Poros and became pregnant with Love (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg.48) This makes Love unique. Love is good, though, because he is a lover of wisdom, that is, he pursues the notion of philosophy. But, he is in between wisdom and ignorance (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg. 49), according to Diotima, which is much different an account from the other speakers. Phaedrus had placed Love at the top of all gods, describing ways in which Love quot;breathes might into some of the heroes,quot; (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg. 10). This is untrue. However, Diotima speaks of ways in which love helps human beings. This happens when the love for things like sports or poetry helps a person create something from nothing. Love is a word used to describe the whole, where there are special parts of love used to describe specific passions and possessions. (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg. 51). And love is wanting to posses the good forever (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg. 52) Finally we see the main points in Diotimas argument when she accurately describes the real purpose of love. It is almost like a natural instinct. All animals, including humans, have a need to reproduce. The real purpose in love is giving birth in beauty, whether in body or soul (Nehamas amp; Woodruff, pg.53). This means that the pregnant person causes the baby, or new born idea if theShow MoreRelatedWilliam Miller s The Of The Soul 940 Words   |  4 Pagespresented in a speech in the Symposium, and it is of intrigue as to why it never became a part of the soul Plato set out to define. Perhaps it was too much for him to interfere with the parallel between the city and the soul that he describes earlier in this work and their reliance on three parts. Or, as Cooper asks, was Plato meaning to leave a discussion on the eros under the surface of his work in the Republic? (pgs. 350-61). Regardless, discourse concerning eros in the Republic has taken placeRead MoreHomosexual Relationships Involving The Great Deities And Heroes1362 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat deities and brave heroes. In facts, those pieces of information were considered by our moral standards unappropriated and negligible, such that they had to be distorted in some way before the stories reach the public. The Greeks in Plato’s Symposium, however, are loud and proud of their homosexuality. Some argue that same-sex romance is the ideal and most honorable example of love since it guides the lover and the beloved to achieve the highest goods of life – wisdom and virtue. Ancient GreekRead MoreLove Is Passion, Bravery, And Bliss1115 Words   |  5 Pagesof love is, conceptually love is a confusing concept that proves to be challenging for even Socrates to understand. In Plato’s Symposium, Socrates attends a banquet at the house of Agathon, a young Athenian poet who had just won his first award for a drama. Soon after his arrival, the idea of eros - erotic love - is brought up, and after a few speeches praising eros, Socrates finally is granted his turn. In his discussion of love, Socrates remembers the wisdom of Diotima, who describes fallingRead MorePlato s Theory Of Love1789 Words   |  8 Pagesearliest existing analysis of political questions from a philosophical perspective. Among some of Plato s most prevalent works is his dialogue the Symposium, which records the conversation of a dinner party at which Socrates (amongst others) is a guest. Those who talk before Socrates share a tendency to celebrate the instinct of sex and regard love (eros) as a god whose goodness and beauty they compete. However, Socrates sets himself apart from this belief in the fundamental value of sexual love andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Speech Praise Of Er os On Plato Symposium1785 Words   |  8 Pages Jose A. Nunez Introduction to Philosophy 1113 Professor Dr. Sarah Woolvine March 23rd, 2015. Tittle: Analysis of Speeches Given in Praise of Eros on Plato’ Symposium Among the ancient Greek philosophers, Plato was one of the greatest. Known for his remarkable philosophical works, Plato was born into a very prominent Athenian family, and he was expected to have a proliferous political career, but the political scene at that time made Plato devote himself instead to his philosophicalRead MoreSocratess Theory Of Love1818 Words   |  8 Pagesearliest existing analysis of political questions from a philosophical perspective. Among some of Plato s most prevalent works is his dialogue the Symposium, which records the conversation of a dinner party at which Socrates (amongst others) is a guest. Those who talk before Socrates share a tendency to celebrate the instinct of sex and regard love (eros) as a god whose goodness and beauty they compete (Naugle, 2016). However, Socrates sets himself apart from this belief in the fundamental value ofRead MoreThe Speech By Men Attending A Symposium Or A Drinking Party1458 Words   |  6 PagesAllyson Boubert Prof. Robert Grimwade November 12, 2016 Through the speeches by men, love is examined by men attending a symposium or a drinking party. The symposium has its main concerns with the beginning, the purpose and nature of affection and care. Therefore, love is the central theme in Plato’s dialogues in Symposium. The Symposium is a philosophical text written by Plato in approximately 386-370BC. It is a lively and entertaining book characterized by witty characterization which notRead MorePlato s Symposium : The Nature Of Love1320 Words   |  6 PagesPlato’s Symposium explores the nature of love through several different telling’s of what love is by philosophers of the time. The speeches of Socrates, Alcibiades, and Aristophanes are of main focus, as their similarities and differences help the reader to decide the truth of the nature of love. Throughout the Symposium, the accounts of love vary from speaker to speaker. The speech given by Socrates differentiates from the viewpoints of Alcibiades and Aristophanes, as well as all of the other speechesRead More Significance of Feet in Plato’s Symposium Essay examples1926 Words   |  8 PagesThe Significance of Feet in Plato’s Symposium Plato’s Symposium presents an account of the party given at the house of Agathon, where Socrates and Alcibiades are in attendance. The men at the party take turns eulogizing the god Eros. In Agathon’s eulogy, he describes Eros as a soft and tender being. When Socrates speaks, however, he makes a correction of his host’s account, by saying the soft and tender thing is the beloved, and not the lover, as Agathon would have it. When Alcibiades entersRead MoreEssay about A Modern Romantic’s View on Love1216 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscern the significance or concept of love for many centuries. Plato, for example, was one such philosopher who in his work the Symposium (which means â€Å"Drinking Party†) wrote about â€Å"Eros† – the term for sexual love in Greek. The Symposium was written approximately around 384 and 379 B.C.E., and follows five elite Athenian men as they pronounce their admiration of Eros while lounging on couches listeni ng to flute girls play in the distance. Each of the men has different backgrounds ranging from tragic

Financial Women Right in Islam

Question: Describe the financial women right in islam? Answer: In todays world, Muslim women are known to actively affirm their responsibilities and rights, nullifying any preconceived notions that portray Muslim women as being oppressed and repressed. The Holy Book, Quran, states that both men and women are obligated to practice same religious responsibilities and will be rewarded accordingly on their day of judgement. However, there is a notable difference in the circumstances for both men and women when discussing certain instances; these passages are being interpreted and studied by both men and women. For instance, as per the Islamic understanding of the Quran verses, Muslim men are considered responsible for financial supporting women. In other words, Islam provides women with a greater financial security when compared to men. For instance, married Muslim women are bound to be given marital gifts at the time of marriage along with keeping all the existing and future income properties for the purpose of their own security (Allen, 1999). Hence, she is not required to spend a single dime of her own income or property on the household i.e. she is entitled for complete financial support during her marriage Iddah i.e. the time period right after divorce, along with child support in case she has a child. It is important to note that, in reference to the Islamic Quran, since a family includes of genders, men and women, both the genders hold equal rights in the possession of the property. The following report sheds light on the financial rights of Muslim women as per the norms of the religion of Islam. The report compromises of a detailed account of the financial rights that Muslim women actively practice today, which they believe are offered to them by the Quran. The report below is subdivided into Muslim womens financial responsibility, financial rights of wives, provision of marital gifts and the Islamic law of inheritance. Right of Women in Inheritance During the ancient times, women of Islam were given no right to inherit any financial support from the generations above and even if they did, they were still treated as inferior to men. Women were not allowed to have their own legal independent personality and had no right to receive any form of financial support as inheritance (Ali, 1979). As per the ancient legal systems, even if the daughters, back then, received little inheritance, her child did not. Whereas, in the case of a son, the inheritance received was not only for the son himself but also for his children. Similarly, some other systems allowed women to inherit however not in the expected form of an appointed share; if the progenitor desired, he was allowed make a bequest, favouring the wife or daughter. Well, time has changed and the Islamic laws of inheritance have become free of all the defects and short-comings of the past. The Quran specifically mentions that the women of Islam are equally obligated to receive inheritance, irrespective of their status i.e. whether she is a mother, daughter, sister or wife (Ali, 1979).. As previously mentioned, a Muslim woman is guaranteed to have financial support at every stage of her life i.e. whether be it her role as a daughter, sister, wife or mother, until death. However, in order to balance out the additional advantages that are ensured for women by Islam, certain provisions were made that allow Muslim men to inherit twice as much as the Muslim women. In other words, women hold possessions over a share which is half of what men will receive from the progenitor. Islamic law of inheritance states that a husband is to receive twice of what the wife will, a brother will receive twice of what the sister will and a son will receive twice of what thedaughter will receive; there is an exception in the cases of fathers and mothers. The Islamic law states that if the parents of the deceased are alive, then they are obligated to receive one sixth of the property left behind (Allen, 1999).. In short, the males will inherit more than what the women will, however, considering the financial responsibilities of a Muslim man towards his family and household, this law can be said to be justified, especially when the Muslim women are under no obligation to spend a single penny of their inheritance for sustaining her family, household or even herself. Since the Muslim men are responsible for all females i.e. wife, mother, sisters, daughters etc. in his family, it is acceptable to allow them to inherit twice as much of what the Muslim women will inherit from th eir progenitors. Right of women to exercise financial behavior As mentioned earlier, a woman practicing Islam is not obligated to any financial responsibilities when it comes to maintaining and sustaining a family. In other words, no Muslim woman is required to financially support her household, even in case of possession of income property. Men practicing Islam i.e. the father or son or brother are required to provide their family with all the financial support necessary, thus, the responsibilities lies on their shoulders. This applies to both married and unmarried women; all the financial needs of a Muslim woman, before marriage, are to be fulfilled by her brother father. Once married, this becomes the duty or responsibility of her husband and her son (Ali, 1979). In addition to the above, it is important to note that a Muslim woman has the equal right on the sources of income and properties possessed by her husband. A working women in Islam, is by no means required to spend a single dime of her earnings; all the earnings she saves and makes, remain her property. It is her right to choose, whether if she wants to financially contribute for the well being of her household or not. It is important to note that, no matter how financially stable the women may be, it is her husbands duty or responsibility to provide his wife and family with basic boarding, lodging, clothing and fulfil other financial aspects. However, in cases where the husband is suffering from any disability or illness or unemployment, she may be required to use her earnings or savings so as to provide her family with all the necessities; note that women are not legally obligated to do this. Similarly, a woman is entitled for complete financial support during her marriage or in case of widowhood or divorce, during the waiting period (Abd Al-Ati, 1977). In context of divorce, women may require financial support of minimum of one year or until or unless they remarry within the year after divorce. Moreover, it would be true to say that a Muslim woman is guaranteed to have financial support at every stage of her life i.e. her role as a daughter, sister, wife or mother, until death. Right of women to own Property From this historical perspective, acknowledgement in the Quran states that womens right of owning property should be an important one because the position of women is strong according to the Holy text. During the Prophets period, women had all the right over their property. On general perspective, the law of Islam lets women to have, use and dispose their property but the detailing into the matter clearly states that on marriage, the women lose their right on property and it gets transferred to her husband. Women in Islam are reserved in nature and property ownership in limited space is not possible and so there are restrictions. Right of Women to own Dowry As previously mentioned, at the time of marriage, the bride is on the receiving end i.e. she is presented with marital gifts from the groom that no one but the bride has a control over. The proposal from the groom comprises of a marital gift, often regarded as Mahr. In Islam, no marriage solemnizes until the bride is offered with Mahr, making Mahr a compulsion. Though, there is no limit to what can or cannot be offered as a Mahr; Islam encourages provision of lower Mahr because it is believed that an inflated Mahr is more likely to burden the newly married couple and may result in starting their news lines with a negative imbalance or financial exhaustion. The sole purpose of Mahr is to ensure the bride with financial security for her future; remember, this marital gift will solely remain the property of the woman and that no family members of hers or the groom himself will posses any share or control over it (Mace 2001). Unlike other cultures, where the bride and her family are dumped on the financial responsibilities, Islam prohibits any form of direct or indirect demands of dowry. It is seen in certain cultures that the bride and her family are expected to compromise and are demanded of marital gits, making all the financial responsibilities fall onto the girls and her familys shoulder. However, Islam strictly discourages any such demands until or unless the bride or her family willingly offer the groom or his family with something of such type; indirect or direct forcing or demanding is strictly prohibited (Abd Al-Ati, 1977). This is solely to ensure the brides financial security along with her integrity; it is believed that the married life of the newlyweds should not begin on a negative note, ensuring their happiness. Right to property after marriage As a wife, a Muslim woman is entitled for equal possession of the properties owned by her husband and is bound to receive marital gifts at the time of marriage along with keeping all existing and future income properties to ensure self financial security. Thus, it can be said that Islam grants Muslim married women with an independent personality. At the time of marriage, the bride and her family are by no means obligated to present the groom or his family with any sort of marital gift. In fact, it is the groom who is required to offer the bride with a marriage proposal that comprises of a marital gift. It is important to recognise that this marital gift will solely remain the property of the woman and that no family members of hers or the groom himself will posses any share or control over it (Mace 2001). At the time of divorce, the bride may retain all her marital gifts presented to her at the time of marriage along with all her possessions and earnings that she saved during her marriage period. The husband has no right to control or have a share in any of the womens financial properties until or unless she, herself presents him with the offer (Ali, 1979). Additionally, as previously stated, as a working wife, the woman is not expected to contribute to the financial well being of her family i.e. as a working wife, she is by no means obligated to financially contribute for the sustainment of her household and family. All her earnings and savings will remain her property, until or unless she willingly decides to contribute and allows her husband to posses his control over or share her property. Again, no married women, no matter how rich or financially stable, is under the obligation of providing her family with any support; it is solely the responsibility and duty of her husband to fu lfil basic needs of boarding, logding, clothing, consumables and other aspects of household. A married Muslim woman can be said to retain her own family name and independent legal personanility. However, in certain countries, due to absence of the financial security measures mentioned in Islam or other reasons of survival, Muslim women may be required or forced to financially support their family and seek employment, due to circumstances that cause them to recognize their role as mothers. Right of Women in the certificate on the economic and financial transactions Additionally, an important difference that differentiates the Quran from other systems or faiths is their attitude towards inheritance of property by Muslim women in case of a deceased relative. Islam truly believes in providing all females with the right to inherit their determinate share, further abolishing any unjust customs. Similarly, Islam also critically takes into consideration the importance of dower and maintenance; according to Islam, both dower and maintenance are effective and essential when consolidating a marriage since they ensure coherence and harmony within the domestic family (Abd Al-Ati, 1977). Any abolition of dower and maintenance is likely to result in disintegration within the family structure. Also, it is believed that there is a possibility that it may push women towards prostitution. Thus, it is important to understand that the compulsion of dower and the maintenance has consequently reduced the Muslim womens share of inheritance; since the Muslim men are b urdened with this responsibility and the womens financial commitments have been reduced, this Islamic law of inheritance operates as a reimbursement that compensates men for the extra burden they are fraught with. In other words, a rational justification for the above would be that since the financial obligations and duties of a Muslim man exceed that of a Muslim woman, it becomes necessary for men to inherit twice as much as the women. One needs to take into account all the advantages ensured for women by Islam which include of receiving marital gifts and not having to spend any of their own earnings or properties for sustenance, so as to understand that Muslim men are simply being compensated for the extra burden that they are fraught with by letting them have twice as much of the inheritance as the women (Allen, 1999). Moreover, one needs to realize that Islam fervently encourages family life and discourages divorce; single life is a rare exception within the Islamic society and if one was to notice, most Muslim marriage-aged men and women are married. In light of the above, if would be highly appreciated that one recognizes the importance of the inheritance rules and realizes that these ar e simply meant to counteract the imbalance within the society so as to let a society sustain or survive time devoid of any class or gender wars. Conclusion Islam provides women with a greater financial security when compared to men. The Holy Book, Quran, states that both men and women are obligated to practice same religious responsibilities and will be rewarded accordingly on their day of judgement. However, as per the Islamic understanding of the Quran verses, Muslim men are considered responsible for financial supporting women. A woman practicing Islam is not obligated to any financial responsibilities when it comes to maintaining and sustaining a family; she can be said to retain her own family name and independent legal personanility (Ali, 1979).. Though, in certain countries, due to absence of the financial security measures mentioned in Islam or other reasons of survival, Muslim women may be required or forced to financially support their family and seek employment, due to circumstances that cause them to recognize their role as mothers. The Islamic law of Inheritance is of utmost importance when discussing the financial rights of a Muslim woman. Islamic laws of inheritance have become free of all the defects and short-comings of the past; the Quran specifically mentions that the women of Islam are equally obligated to receive inheritance, irrespective of their status i.e. whether she is a mother, daughter, sister or wife. Though, in order to balance out the additional advantages that are ensured for women by Islam, certain provisions were made that allow Muslim men to inherit twice as much as the Muslim women (Allen, 1999). In other words, women hold possessions over a share which is half of what men will receive from the progenitor. One should realize that Islam fervently encourages family life and discourages divorce; single life is a rare exception within the Islamic society. For this reason, inheritance rules are simply meant to counteract the imbalance within the society for reassuring sustenance of life. References Ali, Y.A., 1979. The Holy, Qur'an: Translation of verses is heavily based on A. Yusuf Ali's translation The Glorious Qur'an text translation, and Commentary, The American Trust Publication Abd Al-Ati., Hammudah., 1977. Islam in Focus, The American Trust Publications Allen, E. A., 1999. History of Civilization, General Publishing House, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mace., David., Vera., 2001. Marriage: East and West, Dolphin Books, Doubleday

Should The Supreme Court free essay sample

The Supreme Court’s power of judicial review should not be strictly limited by a constitutional amendment because the simple fact what if you do a judgment that they are not in the right of? If the judge is proved wrong then it will be appealed. For an example we the people shouldn’t be judged because what if one commits the same crime and does it intentionally such as killing someone and then someone does it to protect them and their family from harm if someone broke into their home and was coming at them and the only thing was to kill them to keep from getting their children or self harmed. The cons of this is that what if we are wanting a law passed and it gets rejected and we the voters can’t have any say of it. For example switching books in the schools for more modern technology like Ipads what if the children don’t understand the work very well and needs more studying time, they won’t be allowed to take them home. We will write a custom essay sample on Should The Supreme Court or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They should make the law of going back to older days when all the technology wasn’t out just books, pencils, and paper! The pros is that the Judicial branch can have the power to view the laws of the other two branches and has an important role playing of the check and balancing system. So when you sit down and think about it its like they are too many chiefs and not enough Indians. They are sometimes to many decisions and too many judges at one time.